Parasite - определение. Что такое Parasite
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Что (кто) такое Parasite - определение

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPECIES, WHERE ONE ORGANISM, THE PARASITE, LIVES ON OR IN ANOTHER ORGANISM, THE HOST, CAUSING IT SOME HARM, AND IS ADAPTED STRUCTURALLY TO THIS WAY OF LIFE
Parasitic; Parsitism; Parasitise; Parasites; Parasitic disorder; Parasytes; Social parasitism (biology); Endoparasite; Ectoparasite; Endoparasites; Macroparasite; Microparasites; Microparasite; Macroparasites; Macro-parasites; Macro-parasite; Nectotrophic; Biotroph; Macro parasite; Ectoparasitic infestations; Parasitizing; Parasitize; Epiparasites; Epiparasite; Parasitic embryo; Parasitically; Parasitic embryos; Autoinfection; Parasite; Autoinfect; Parasitic organisms; Ectoparasites; Parastitism; Parasit; Parasite ecology; Parasitic nutrition; Endoparasitism; Ectoparasitic; Parasitization; Parasitized; Parasitic infections; Epizoon; Co-speciation; Parasitic animal; Micropredator; Mesoparasite; Adelpho-parasitism; Intercellular parasites; Parasite-host assemblage; Multi-parasite host; Multi-host parasite; Internal autoinfection; External autoinfection; Ectoparasitism; Adelphoparasitism; Endoparasitic; Trophically transmitted parasite; Quantitative parasitology; Micropredation; Host cue; Host cues; Semiparasite; Partial parasite; Obligate biotroph; Obligate biotrophy; Biotrophy; Parasitised
  • distributed very unevenly]] among their hosts, most hosts having no parasites, and a few hosts harbouring most of the parasite population. This distribution makes sampling difficult and requires careful use of statistics.
  •  [[Mosquito]]es<!-- such as ''[[Anopheles minimus]]''--> are micropredators, and important vectors of disease
  • The honey fungus, ''[[Armillaria mellea]]'', is a parasite of trees, and a [[saprophyte]] feeding on the trees it has killed.
  • Trait loss: bedbug ''[[Cimex lectularius]]'' is flightless, like many insect ectoparasites.
  • ''[[Borrelia burgdorferi]]'', the bacterium that causes [[Lyme disease]], is transmitted by ''[[Ixodes]]'' ticks.
  • ''[[Clonorchis sinensis]]'', the Chinese liver fluke, is trophically transmitted
  • The rescuing from extinction of the [[California condor]] was a successful if very expensive project, but its [[ectoparasite]], the [[louse]] ''[[Colpocephalum californici]]'', was made extinct.
  • ''[[Cuscuta]]'' (a dodder), a stem [[holoparasite]], on an [[acacia]] tree
  • A [[fish parasite]], the [[isopod]] ''[[Cymothoa exigua]]'', replacing the tongue of a ''[[Lithognathus]]''
  • Life cycle]] of ''[[Entamoeba histolytica]]'', an anaerobic parasitic protozoan transmitted by the [[fecal–oral route]]
  • A plate from [[Francesco Redi]]'s ''Osservazioni intorno agli animali viventi che si trovano negli animali viventi'' (Observations on living animals found inside living animals), 1684
  • [[Leaf spot]] on [[oak]]. The spread of the parasitic fungus is limited by defensive chemicals produced by the tree, resulting in circular patches of damaged tissue.
  • obligate]] [[ectoparasite]]s
  • Fictional parasitism: oil painting ''Parasites'' by Katrin Alvarez, 2011
  • lice]], which were similar in the two families. Cospeciation did occur, but it led to flamingos and [[grebe]]s, with a later [[host switch]] of flamingo lice to ducks.
  • [[Ronald Ross]] won the 1902 [[Nobel Prize]] for showing that the [[malaria parasite]] is transmitted by mosquitoes. This 1897 notebook page records his first observations of the parasite in mosquitoes.
  • its crab host]]
  • The dry [[skin]] of vertebrates such as the [[short-horned lizard]] prevents the entry of many parasites.
  • crinoletta]] [[bustle]] to a parasitic insect's [[exoskeleton]]
  • host]]
  • [[Enterobacteria phage T4]] is a [[bacteriophage]] virus. It infects its host, ''[[Escherichia coli]]'', by injecting its DNA through its tail, which attaches to the bacterium's surface.
  • inducing behavioral changes]] in rats through infection of neurons in their [[central nervous system]].
  • vector-transmitted]] protozoan endoparasite ''[[Trypanosoma]]'' among human [[red blood cell]]s
  •  Restoration of a ''[[Tyrannosaurus]]'' with holes possibly caused by a ''[[Trichomonas]]''-like parasite
  • ''[[Wolbachia]]'' bacteria within an insect cell

Parasite         
·noun An animal which steals the food of another, as the parasitic jager.
II. Parasite ·noun An animal which habitually uses the nest of another, as the cowbird and the European cuckoo.
III. Parasite ·noun A plant living on or within an animal, and supported at its expense, as many species of fungi of the genus Torrubia.
IV. Parasite ·noun One who frequents the tables of the rich, or who lives at another's expense, and earns his welcome by flattery; a hanger-on; a toady; a sycophant.
V. Parasite ·noun A plant obtaining nourishment immediately from other plants to which it attaches itself, and whose juices it absorbs;
- sometimes, but erroneously, called epiphyte.
VI. Parasite ·noun An animal which lives during the whole or part of its existence on or in the body of some other animal, feeding upon its food, blood, or tissues, as lice, tapeworms, ·etc.
parasite         
¦ noun
1. an organism which lives in or on another organism and benefits by deriving nutrients at the other's expense.
2. derogatory a person who habitually relies on or exploits others and gives nothing in return.
Derivatives
parasiticide noun
Origin
C16: via L. from Gk parasitos '(person) eating at another's table', from para- 'alongside' + sitos 'food'.
parasite         
(parasites)
1.
A parasite is a small animal or plant that lives on or inside a larger animal or plant, and gets its food from it.
N-COUNT
2.
If you disapprove of someone because you think that they get money or other things from other people but do not do anything in return, you can call them a parasite.
N-COUNT [disapproval]

Википедия

Parasitism

Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson has characterised parasites as "predators that eat prey in units of less than one". Parasites include single-celled protozoans such as the agents of malaria, sleeping sickness, and amoebic dysentery; animals such as hookworms, lice, mosquitoes, and vampire bats; fungi such as honey fungus and the agents of ringworm; and plants such as mistletoe, dodder, and the broomrapes.

There are six major parasitic strategies of exploitation of animal hosts, namely parasitic castration, directly transmitted parasitism (by contact), trophically-transmitted parasitism (by being eaten), vector-transmitted parasitism, parasitoidism, and micropredation. One major axis of classification concerns invasiveness: an endoparasite lives inside the host's body; an ectoparasite lives outside, on the host's surface.

Like predation, parasitism is a type of consumer–resource interaction, but unlike predators, parasites, with the exception of parasitoids, are typically much smaller than their hosts, do not kill them, and often live in or on their hosts for an extended period. Parasites of animals are highly specialised, and reproduce at a faster rate than their hosts. Classic examples include interactions between vertebrate hosts and tapeworms, flukes, the malaria-causing Plasmodium species, and fleas.

Parasites reduce host fitness by general or specialised pathology, from parasitic castration to modification of host behaviour. Parasites increase their own fitness by exploiting hosts for resources necessary for their survival, in particular by feeding on them and by using intermediate (secondary) hosts to assist in their transmission from one definitive (primary) host to another. Although parasitism is often unambiguous, it is part of a spectrum of interactions between species, grading via parasitoidism into predation, through evolution into mutualism, and in some fungi, shading into being saprophytic.

People have known about parasites such as roundworms and tapeworms since ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome. In early modern times, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek observed Giardia lamblia in his microscope in 1681, while Francesco Redi described internal and external parasites including sheep liver fluke and ticks. Modern parasitology developed in the 19th century. In human culture, parasitism has negative connotations. These were exploited to satirical effect in Jonathan Swift's 1733 poem "On Poetry: A Rhapsody", comparing poets to hyperparasitical "vermin". In fiction, Bram Stoker's 1897 Gothic horror novel Dracula and its many later adaptations featured a blood-drinking parasite. Ridley Scott's 1979 film Alien was one of many works of science fiction to feature a parasitic alien species.

Примеры употребления для Parasite
1. In Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes, removing the SPRN6 gene delayed the process of parasite lysis, whereby the mosquito rids itself of the parasite.
2. Malaria is caused by a parasite carried by mosquitoes.
3. In 2000, the authorities in Soroti district, southern Uganda, launched a control programme, dosing cattle with long–acting drugs to kill the parasite, after tests showed that as much as 18 percent of local herds were carrying the parasite.
4. "They were like a parasite that infected that building," Sweeney said.
5. There is no cure and the parasite eventually causes heart failure.