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Что (кто) такое T-lymphocyte - определение

TYPE OF LYMPHOCYTE

T-cell; T lymphocyte; T cells; T-lymphocytes; T lymphocytes; T Lymphocyte; T-cells; T-Cell; T-lymphocyte; T-lymphocyte subsets; T-Cells; Differential avidity hypothesis; T Lymphocytes; T cell activation; T cell tolerance; Avidity hypothesis; Differential signaling hypothesis; Differential Avidity Hypothesis; Differential Signaling Hypothesis; T Cell; T Cells; Double-negative T cell; Effector T cell; T-Cell Activation in Space; T-cell activation; T-cell exhaustion; Exhausted T cell; Lymphocyte T; Effector T Cell; T cell exhaustion; Differential signalling hypothesis; Differential Signalling Hypothesis; Unconventional T cells; Innate-like T cell

T-lymphocyte

¦ noun Physiology a lymphocyte of a type produced or processed by the thymus gland and participating in the cell-mediated immune response. Compare with B-lymphocyte.

Origin

1970s: from T for thymus.

T-cell

¦ noun another term for T-lymphocyte.

T cell

A T cell is a type of lymphocyte. T cells are one of the important white blood cells of the immune system and play a central role in the adaptive immune response.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_cell

Википедия

T cell

T cells are one of the important types of white blood cells of the immune system and play a central role in the adaptive immune response. T cells can be distinguished from other lymphocytes by the presence of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on their cell surface.

T cells are born from hematopoietic stem cells, found in the bone marrow. Developing T cells then migrate to the thymus gland to develop (or mature). T cells derive their name from the thymus. After migration to the thymus, the precursor cells mature into several distinct types of T cells. T cell differentiation also continues after they have left the thymus. Groups of specific, differentiated T cell subtypes have a variety of important functions in controlling and shaping the immune response.

One of these functions is immune-mediated cell death, and it is carried out by two major subtypes: CD8+ "killer" (cytotoxic) and CD4+ "helper" T cells. (These are named for the presence of the cell surface proteins CD8 or CD4.) CD8+ T cells, also known as "killer T cells", are cytotoxic – this means that they are able to directly kill virus-infected cells, as well as cancer cells. CD8+ T cells are also able to use small signalling proteins, known as cytokines, to recruit other types of cells when mounting an immune response. A different population of T cells, the CD4+ T cells, function as "helper cells". Unlike CD8+ killer T cells, the CD4+ helper T (T_H) cells function by further activating memory B cells and cytotoxic T cells, which leads to a larger immune response. The specific adaptive immune response regulated by the T_H cell depends on its subtype (such as T-helper1, T-helper2, T-helper17, regulatory T-cell), which is distinguished by the types of cytokines they secrete.

Regulatory T cells are yet another distinct population of T cells that provide the critical mechanism of tolerance, whereby immune cells are able to distinguish invading cells from "self". This prevents immune cells from inappropriately reacting against one's own cells, known as an "autoimmune" response. For this reason, these regulatory T cells have also been called "suppressor" T cells. These same regulatory T cells can also be co-opted by cancer cells to prevent the recognition of, and an immune response against, tumor cells.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T cell

Примеры употребления для T-lymphocyte

1. Reducing fat, on the other hand, can boost immune function by enhancing T–lymphocyte function.

2. "This could be because overconsumption of calories leads to increased production of compounds called prostaglandins, which have a suppressive effect on T–lymphocyte cell production." Fewer T–cells patrolling the body increases the chances of an antigen taking hold.

3. In a recent study of 33 women from the University of Vienna, Austria, those who ate ordinary yogurt daily for two weeks raised their T–lymphocyte cell count by nearly 30 percent.

4. In addition, HIV–1 RNA in plasma and CD4+ T lymphocyte cell counts were measured one month before the study, at the first study visit and three, six and nine months after the start of supplementation.