circular DNA - определение. Что такое circular DNA
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Что (кто) такое circular DNA - определение

COVALENTLY CLOSED DNA MOLECULES FOUND IN BACTERIA, MANY VIRUSES, MITOCHONDRIA, PLASTIDS, AND PLASMIDS
Circular dna; Circular DNA (disambiguation)
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Extrachromosomal circular DNA         
EccDNA; Extrachromosomal Circular DNA; Draft:EcDNA
Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is a type of double-stranded circular DNA structure that was first discovered in 1964 by Alix Bassel and Yasuo Hotta. In contrast to previously identified circular DNA structures (e.
DNA supercoil         
  • Supercoiled structure of circular DNA molecules with low writhe. The helical nature of the DNA duplex is omitted for clarity.
  • Figure showing the various conformational changes which are observed in circular DNA at different pH.  At a pH of about 12 (alkaline), there is a dip in the sedimentation coefficient, followed by a relentless increase up to a pH of about 13, at which pH the structure converts into the mysterious "Form IV".
  • Stochastic, prokaryotic model of the dynamics of RNA production and transcription locking at the promoter region, due to PSB.
  • Drawing showing the difference between a circular DNA chromosome (a plasmid) with a secondary helical twist only, and one containing an additional tertiary superhelical twist superimposed on the secondary helical winding.
  • Supercoiled structure of linear DNA molecules with constrained ends. The helical nature of the DNA duplex is omitted for clarity.
  • Illustration of how cold shock affects the supercoiling state of the DNA, by blocking the activity of Gyrase. The signs ‘ − ’ and ‘+’ represent negative and positive supercoiling, respectively. Created with BioRender.com. Also shown is a stochastic model of gene expression during cold shock as a function of the global DNA supercoiling state. The transition from ON to OFF of the promoter (P) causes the locking of transcription (i.e. RNA production). When ON, the promoter can produce RNA, from which proteins can be produced. RNA and proteins are always subject to degradation or dilution due to cell division.
COMPRESSED DNA LOOP SUPERCOILED BY PROKARYOTES TO FIT WITHIN A SMALL SPACE
Supercoil; Supercoiling; Dna, circular; Supercoiling of DNA; Positive supercoiling; Twist (DNA); Writhe (DNA); Supercoiled; Superhelical DNA energetics; Surface wrapping of DNA; DNA supercoiling; Circular genome; Supercoiled DNA; Superhelical DNA; Supertwisted DNA; Plectonemic supercoil; Linking number of DNA; Negative supercoiling; Superhelical dna
DNA supercoiling refers to the amount of twist in a particular DNA strand, which determines the amount of strain on it. A given strand may be "positively supercoiled" or "negatively supercoiled" (more or less tightly wound).
Sonvilier Circular         
1871 ANTI-AUTHORITARIAN TREATISE
Sonvilier circular; Sonvillier Circular
The Sonvilier Circular is a 1871 anti-authoritarian treatise by the Jura Federation, a breakaway faction of the First International. Written during their Sonvilier congress, it claimed that hierarchical politics could not produce social revolution, and that authoritarian organization would never produce an egalitarian society.
Circular flow of income         
  • Representation of Cantillon's primitive circular flow model<ref name="C 2010 66">Cantillon 2010, p. 66</ref>
  • Circular flow of income effects of saving
  •  s2cid = 154585027}}</ref>
  • Model of the circular flow of income and expenditure
  • The economic system as a subsystem of the environment: natural resources flow through the economy and end up as waste and pollution.
  • Three-sector circular flow diagram
  • Tableau économique
  • Samuelson]], 1961
  • Two-sector circular flow diagram
ECONOMY MODEL WITH EXCHANGE FLOWS OF MONEY, GOODS AND SERVICES, BETWEEN ECONOMIC AGENTS
Circular flow; Circular flow model; Circular Flow Model; Circular Flow; Circular flow diagram
The circular flow of income or circular flow is a model of the economy in which the major exchanges are represented as flows of money, goods and services, etc. between economic agents.
DNA glycosylase         
  • 
Hydrolysis of cytosine to uracil
ENZYMES INVOLVED IN BASE EXCISION REPAIR
GO system; Dna glycosylases; Dna glycosylase; DNA glycosylases; Dna Glycosylase
DNA glycosylases are a family of enzymes involved in base excision repair, classified under EC number EC 3.2.
Circular reasoning         
  • an example of circular reasoning.
LOGICAL FALLACY IN WHICH THE REASONER BEGINS THE PREMISE WITH WHAT THEY ARE TRYING TO CONCLUDE WITH
Circular argument; Circular logic; Circulus in probando; Recursive argument; Circular proof
Circular reasoning (, "circle in proving"; also known as circular logic) is a logical fallacy in which the reasoner begins with what they are trying to end with. Circular reasoning is not a formal logical fallacy but a pragmatic defect in an argument whereby the premises are just as much in need of proof or evidence as the conclusion, and as a consequence the argument fails to persuade.
DNA bank         
STORAGE OF PHYSICAL DNA SAMPLES
Dna bank; DNA Bank
DNA banking is the secure, long term storage of an individual’s genetic material. DNA is most commonly extracted from blood, but can also be obtained from saliva and other tissues.
Circular reporting         
  • Two types of false confirmation. Dashed lines indicate sourcing invisible to a reviewer. In each case, a source (top) appears to a reviewer (bottom) as two independent sources.
  • date=16 November 2011}}</ref>
  • Circular reporting by Wikipedia and the press
PROBLEM WHERE A SOURCE GETS INFO FROM SOMEWHERE, THAT THEN USES THAT SOURCE AS A REFERENCE
False confirmation; Citogenesis; Citogensis; Brazilian aardvark; Circular sourcing; Circular source; Citeogenesis; Citation loop; Brazilian aardvarks
Circular reporting, or false confirmation, is a situation in source criticism where a piece of information appears to come from multiple independent sources, but in reality comes from only one source. In many cases, the problem happens mistakenly through sloppy reporting or intelligence-gathering.
Ancient DNA         
  • 50px
  • Map of human fossils with an age of at least ~40,000 years that yielded genome-wide data<ref name="zlaty"/>
DNA ISOLATED FROM ANCIENT SPECIMENS
Fossil DNA; Paleo DNA; Ancient DNA analysis; Ancient DNA revolution; Ancient genomes; Paleogenome; Palaeogenome
Ancient DNA (aDNA) is DNA isolated from ancient specimens. Due to degradation processes (including cross-linking, deamination and fragmentation) ancient DNA is more degraded in comparison with contemporary genetic material.
DNA database         
DATABASE OF DNA PROFILES
National DNA database; National DNA Database; DNA databank; Dna databanking; DNA Database; Genetic Database; National dna database; Dna database; DNA databases; Forensic DNA database; Genetic genealogy database; Medical DNA database; DNA Index System; Genetic database
A DNA database or DNA databank is a database of DNA profiles which can be used in the analysis of genetic diseases, genetic fingerprinting for criminology, or genetic genealogy. DNA databases may be public or private, the largest ones being national DNA databases.

Википедия

Circular DNA

Circular DNA is DNA that forms a closed loop and has no ends. Examples include:

  • Plasmids, mobile genetic elements
  • cccDNA, formed by some viruses inside cell nuclei
  • Circular bacterial chromosomes
  • Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
  • Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), and that of other plastids
  • Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA)