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Что (кто) такое mantle soil - определение
![Photo of ''[[Haliotis asinina]]'' with the shell removed.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Haliotis asinina anatomy.jpg?width=200 "Photo of ''[[Haliotis asinina]]'' with the shell removed.")
![The marine [[gastropod]] ''[[Cypraea chinensis]]'', the Chinese cowry, showing its partially extended mantle.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cypraea chinensis with partially extended mantle.jpg?width=200 "The marine [[gastropod]] ''[[Cypraea chinensis]]'', the Chinese cowry, showing its partially extended mantle.")
![The mantle of the land snail ''[[Indrella ampulla]]'' is off-white in color and partly visible under the shell. The head and foot are red, and the foot fringe is off-white with narrow black lines.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/SnailWynaad.jpg?width=200 "The mantle of the land snail ''[[Indrella ampulla]]'' is off-white in color and partly visible under the shell. The head and foot are red, and the foot fringe is off-white with narrow black lines.")
![The mantle of the nudibranch ''[[Felimida purpurea]]'' has a marginal line of orange-yellow colour.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/BEP 7909-1.jpg?width=200 "The mantle of the nudibranch ''[[Felimida purpurea]]'' has a marginal line of orange-yellow colour.")
![The mantle and the head of this [[slug]] ''[[Bielzia coerulans]]'' is smooth, while the rest of the body is tubercled.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bielzia coerulans-3.jpg?width=200 "The mantle and the head of this [[slug]] ''[[Bielzia coerulans]]'' is smooth, while the rest of the body is tubercled.")
![''[[Megapallifera mutabilis]]'' from [[Philomycidae]] shows enormously developed mantle](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Megapallifera mutabilis.jpg?width=200 "''[[Megapallifera mutabilis]]'' from [[Philomycidae]] shows enormously developed mantle")
![This figure is a snapshot of one time-step in a model of mantle convection. Colors closer to red are hot areas and colors closer to blue are cold areas. In this figure, heat received at the [[core–mantle boundary]] results in thermal expansion of the material at the bottom of the model, reducing its density and causing it to send plumes of hot material upwards. Likewise, cooling of material at the surface results in its sinking.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Convection-snapshot.png?width=200 "This figure is a snapshot of one time-step in a model of mantle convection. Colors closer to red are hot areas and colors closer to blue are cold areas. In this figure, heat received at the [[core–mantle boundary]] results in thermal expansion of the material at the bottom of the model, reducing its density and causing it to send plumes of hot material upwards. Likewise, cooling of material at the surface results in its sinking.")
![Green [[xenolith]]s of peridotite from the mantle are surrounded by black volcanic lava. These peridotite xenoliths were carried upward from the mantle by molten [[magma]] during a volcanic eruption in Arizona.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Peridotite mantle xenoliths in phonotephrite (Peridot Mesa Flow, Middle Pleistocene, 580 ka; Peridot Mesa, San Carlos Volcanic Field, Arizona, USA) 32.jpg?width=200 "Green [[xenolith]]s of peridotite from the mantle are surrounded by black volcanic lava. These peridotite xenoliths were carried upward from the mantle by molten [[magma]] during a volcanic eruption in Arizona.")
 Model.jpg?width=200 "Chikyu drilling ship")
Википедия
The mantle (also known by the Latin word pallium meaning mantle, robe or cloak, adjective pallial) is a significant part of the anatomy of molluscs: it is the dorsal body wall which covers the visceral mass and usually protrudes in the form of flaps well beyond the visceral mass itself.
In many species of mollusks the epidermis of the mantle secretes calcium carbonate and conchiolin, and creates a shell. In sea slugs there is a progressive loss of the shell and the mantle becomes the dorsal surface of the animal.
The words mantle and pallium both originally meant cloak or cape, see mantle (vesture). This anatomical structure in molluscs often resembles a cloak because in many groups the edges of the mantle, usually referred to as the mantle margin, extend far beyond the main part of the body, forming flaps, double-layered structures which have been adapted for many different uses, including for example, the siphon.
