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Что (кто) такое microscope$48826$ - определение
![uncertainty]] in position.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Heisenberg microscope with wavefronts and electron scatter.svg?width=200 "uncertainty]] in position.")
![A miniature [[USB microscope]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/2008Computex DnI Award AnMo Dino-Lite Digital Microscope.jpg?width=200 "A miniature [[USB microscope]].")
![The diffraction limit set in stone on a monument for [[Ernst Abbe]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ernst-Abbe-Denkmal Jena Fürstengraben - 20140802 125709.jpg?width=200 "The diffraction limit set in stone on a monument for [[Ernst Abbe]].")
![Two Leica [[oil immersion]] microscope objective lenses: 100× (left) and 40× (right)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Leica EpifluorescenceMicroscope ObjectiveLens.jpg?width=200 "Two Leica [[oil immersion]] microscope objective lenses: 100× (left) and 40× (right)")
![A 40x magnification image of cells in a medical [[smear test]] taken through an optical microscope using a [[wet mount]] technique, placing the specimen on a glass slide and mixing with a salt solution](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vaginal wet mount of candidal vulvovaginitis.jpg?width=200 "A 40x magnification image of cells in a medical [[smear test]] taken through an optical microscope using a [[wet mount]] technique, placing the specimen on a glass slide and mixing with a salt solution")
![Bright field]] illumination, sample contrast comes from [[absorbance]] of light in the sample.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paper Micrograph Bright.png?width=200 "Bright field]] illumination, sample contrast comes from [[absorbance]] of light in the sample.")
![polarized]] light through the sample.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paper Micrograph Cross-Polarised.png?width=200 "polarized]] light through the sample.")
![scattered]] by the sample.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paper Micrograph Dark.png?width=200 "scattered]] by the sample.")
![interference]] of different path lengths of light through the sample.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paper Micrograph Phase.png?width=200 "interference]] of different path lengths of light through the sample.")
![A large STM setup at the [[London Centre for Nanotechnology]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/STM at the London Centre for Nanotechnology.jpg?width=200 "A large STM setup at the [[London Centre for Nanotechnology]]")
![A 1986 STM from the collection of [[Musée d'histoire des sciences de la Ville de Genève]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Scanning tunneling microscope-MHS 2237-IMG 3819.JPG?width=200 "A 1986 STM from the collection of [[Musée d'histoire des sciences de la Ville de Genève]]")
 250 nm by 250 nm image of one-atom-thick silver islands grown on palladium (111) surface.png?width=200 "One-atom-thick silver islands grown on terraces of the (111) surface of palladium. Image size is 250 nm by 250 nm.")
![A 7 nm long part of a single-walled [[carbon nanotube]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chiraltube.png?width=200 "A 7 nm long part of a single-walled [[carbon nanotube]].")
![Atoms on the surface of a crystal of [[silicon carbide]] (SiC) are arranged in a hexagonal lattice and are 0.3 nm apart.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Silicium-atomes.png?width=200 "Atoms on the surface of a crystal of [[silicon carbide]] (SiC) are arranged in a hexagonal lattice and are 0.3 nm apart.")
![STM nanomanipulation of PTCDA molecules on [[graphite]] to inscribe the logo of the [[Center for NanoScience]] (CeNS), Munich.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cens nanomanipulation3d Trixler.jpg?width=200 "STM nanomanipulation of PTCDA molecules on [[graphite]] to inscribe the logo of the [[Center for NanoScience]] (CeNS), Munich.")
Википедия
Heisenberg's microscope is a thought experiment proposed by Werner Heisenberg that has served as the nucleus of some commonly held ideas about quantum mechanics. In particular, it provides an argument for the uncertainty principle on the basis of the principles of classical optics.
The concept was criticized by Heisenberg's mentor Niels Bohr, and theoretical and experimental developments have suggested that Heisenberg's intuitive explanation of his mathematical result might be misleading. While the act of measurement does lead to uncertainty, the loss of precision is less than that predicted by Heisenberg's argument when measured at the level of an individual state. The formal mathematical result remains valid, however, and the original intuitive argument has also been vindicated mathematically when the notion of disturbance is expanded to be independent of any specific state.
