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Что (кто) такое nuclear reaction - определение
Nuclear reaction
PROCESS IN WHICH TWO NUCLEI COLLIDE TO PRODUCE ONE OR MORE NUCLIDES
Nuclear reactions; Nuclear Reaction; Uncontrolled nuclear reaction; Compound Nucleus; Nuclear process; N,2n; Compound nucleus; Nuclear reaction rate; Nuclear reaction notation
In nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, a nuclear reaction is a process in which two nuclei, or a nucleus and an external subatomic particle, collide to produce one or more new nuclides. Thus, a nuclear reaction must cause a transformation of at least one nuclide to another.
Nuclear fusion
![The [[nuclear binding energy]] curve. The formation of nuclei with masses up to [[iron-56]] releases energy, as illustrated above.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Binding energy curve - common isotopes.svg?width=200 "The [[nuclear binding energy]] curve. The formation of nuclei with masses up to [[iron-56]] releases energy, as illustrated above.")
![The [[CNO cycle]] dominates in stars heavier than the Sun.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/CNO Cycle.svg?width=200 "The [[CNO cycle]] dominates in stars heavier than the Sun.")
![The [[proton–proton chain]] reaction, branch I, dominates in stars the size of the Sun or smaller.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fusion in the Sun.svg?width=200 "The [[proton–proton chain]] reaction, branch I, dominates in stars the size of the Sun or smaller.")
![The [[electrostatic force]] between the positively charged nuclei is repulsive, but when the separation is small enough, the quantum effect will tunnel through the wall. Therefore, the prerequisite for fusion is that the two nuclei be brought close enough together for a long enough time for quantum tunneling to act.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nuclear fusion forces diagram.svg?width=200 "The [[electrostatic force]] between the positively charged nuclei is repulsive, but when the separation is small enough, the quantum effect will tunnel through the wall. Therefore, the prerequisite for fusion is that the two nuclei be brought close enough together for a long enough time for quantum tunneling to act.")
![The ''[[Tokamak à configuration variable]]'', research fusion reactor, at the [[École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne]] (Switzerland).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/TCV vue gen.jpg?width=200 "The ''[[Tokamak à configuration variable]]'', research fusion reactor, at the [[École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne]] (Switzerland).")
NUCLEAR REACTION IN WHICH ATOMIC NUCLEI COMBINE
Thermonuclear fusion; Thermonuclear reaction; Thermonuclear; Atomic fusion; Thermal Fusion; Nuclear Fussion; Nuclear fussion; Fusion reaction; Hydrogen Fusion; Nuclear Fusion; Nuclear fusion reaction; Thermonuclear Fusion; Fuse (thermonuclear); Fuse (nuclear); Nuclear fusion reactions; Natural nuclear fusion; Thermofusion
Nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei are combined to form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic particles (neutrons or protons). The difference in mass between the reactants and products is manifested as either the release or absorption of energy. This difference in mass arises due to the difference in nuclear binding energy between the atomic nuclei before and after the reaction. Nuclear fusion is the process that powers active or main sequence stars and other high-magnitude stars, where large amounts of energy are released.
Thermonuclear fusion
NUCLEAR REACTION IN WHICH ATOMIC NUCLEI COMBINE
Thermonuclear fusion; Thermonuclear reaction; Thermonuclear; Atomic fusion; Thermal Fusion; Nuclear Fussion; Nuclear fussion; Fusion reaction; Hydrogen Fusion; Nuclear Fusion; Nuclear fusion reaction; Thermonuclear Fusion; Fuse (thermonuclear); Fuse (nuclear); Nuclear fusion reactions; Natural nuclear fusion; Thermofusion
Thermonuclear fusion is the process of atomic nuclei combining or “fusing” using high temperatures to drive them close enough together for this to become possible . There are two forms of thermonuclear fusion: uncontrolled, in which the resulting energy is released in an uncontrolled manner, as it is in thermonuclear weapons ("hydrogen bombs") and in most stars; and controlled, where the fusion reactions take place in an environment allowing some or all of the energy released to be harnessed for constructive purposes.
Примеры употребления для nuclear reaction
1. Nuclear reaction can be contained only to a certain point.
2. Uranium 235 is the key ingredient that starts a nuclear reaction and keeps it going.
3. Besides the risk of radioactive contamination, improperly stored nuclear material could trigger a lethal "criticality," an accidental nuclear reaction.
4. They give off no greenhouse gases, but as the nuclear reaction proceeds, the uranium is transformed into other elements, some of which remain radioactive for many centuries.
5. The boilers are effectively giant kettles which use the heat from the nuclear reaction to create steam which turns electricityproducing turbines.