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Что (кто) такое quartile magnitude - определение
![[[Boxplot]] (with quartiles and an [[interquartile range]]) and a [[probability density function]] (pdf) of a normal N(0,1σ<sup>2</sup>) population](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Boxplot vs PDF.svg?width=200 "[[Boxplot]] (with quartiles and an [[interquartile range]]) and a [[probability density function]] (pdf) of a normal N(0,1σ<sup>2</sup>) population")
![Typical seismogram. The compressive [[P-waves]] (following the red lines) – essentially sound passing through rock – are the fastest seismic waves, and arrive first, typically in about 10 seconds for an earthquake around 50 km away. The sideways-shaking [[S-waves]] (following the green lines) arrive some seconds later, traveling a little over half the speed of the P-waves; the delay is a direct indication of the distance to the quake. S-waves may take an hour to reach a point 1000 km away. Both of these are ''body-waves'', that pass directly through the earth's crust. Following the S-waves are various kinds of ''surface-waves'' – [[Love wave]]s and [[Rayleigh wave]]s – that travel only at the earth's surface. Surface waves are smaller for deep earthquakes, which have less interaction with the surface. For shallow earthquakes – less than roughly 60 km deep – the surface waves are stronger, and may last several minutes; these carry most of the energy of the quake, and cause the most severe damage.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/1906 San Francisco earthquake seismograph.png?width=200 "Typical seismogram. The compressive [[P-waves]] (following the red lines) – essentially sound passing through rock – are the fastest seismic waves, and arrive first, typically in about 10 seconds for an earthquake around 50 km away. The sideways-shaking [[S-waves]] (following the green lines) arrive some seconds later, traveling a little over half the speed of the P-waves; the delay is a direct indication of the distance to the quake. S-waves may take an hour to reach a point 1000 km away. Both of these are ''body-waves'', that pass directly through the earth's crust. Following the S-waves are various kinds of ''surface-waves'' – [[Love wave]]s and [[Rayleigh wave]]s – that travel only at the earth's surface. Surface waves are smaller for deep earthquakes, which have less interaction with the surface. For shallow earthquakes – less than roughly 60 km deep – the surface waves are stronger, and may last several minutes; these carry most of the energy of the quake, and cause the most severe damage.")
![Isoseismal map for the [[1968 Illinois earthquake]]. The irregular distribution of shaking arises from variations of geology and/or ground conditions.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/1968 Illinois earthquake.svg?width=200 "Isoseismal map for the [[1968 Illinois earthquake]]. The irregular distribution of shaking arises from variations of geology and/or ground conditions.")
Википедия
In statistics, a quartile is a type of quantile which divides the number of data points into four parts, or quarters, of more-or-less equal size. The data must be ordered from smallest to largest to compute quartiles; as such, quartiles are a form of order statistic. The three main quartiles are as follows:
- The first quartile (Q1) is defined as the middle number between the smallest number (minimum) and the median of the data set. It is also known as the lower or 25th empirical quartile, as 25% of the data is below this point.
- The second quartile (Q2) is the median of a data set; thus 50% of the data lies below this point.
- The third quartile (Q3) is the middle value between the median and the highest value (maximum) of the data set. It is known as the upper or 75th empirical quartile, as 75% of the data lies below this point.
Along with the minimum and maximum of the data (which are also quartiles), the three quartiles described above provide a five-number summary of the data. This summary is important in statistics because it provides information about both the center and the spread of the data. Knowing the lower and upper quartile provides information on how big the spread is and if the dataset is skewed toward one side. Since quartiles divide the number of data points evenly, the range is not the same between quartiles (i.e., Q3-Q2 ≠ Q2-Q1) and is instead known as the interquartile range (IQR). While the maximum and minimum also show the spread of the data, the upper and lower quartiles can provide more detailed information on the location of specific data points, the presence of outliers in the data, and the difference in spread between the middle 50% of the data and the outer data points.
