ray-tracing - определение. Что такое ray-tracing
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Что (кто) такое ray-tracing - определение

Stochastic ray tracing; Distribution ray tracing

ray tracing         
WIKIMEDIA DISAMBIGUATION PAGE
Raytracing; Ray Tracing; Ray-tracing; Ray tracing (disambiguation)
<graphics> A technique used in computer graphics to create realistic images by calculating the paths taken by rays of light entering the observer's eye at different angles. The paths are traced backward from the viewpoint, through a point (a pixel) in the image plane until they hit some object in the scene or go off to infinity. Objects are modelled as collections of abutting surfaces which may be rectangles, triangles, or more complicated shapes such as 3D splines. The optical properties of different surfaces (colour, reflectance, transmitance, refraction, texture) also affect how it will contribute to the colour and brightness of the ray. The position, colour, and brightness of light sources, including ambient lighting, is also taken into account. Ray tracing is an ideal application for parallel processing since there are many pixels, each of whose values is independent and can thus be calculated in parallel. Compare: radiosity. Usenet newsgroup: news:comp.graphics.raytracing. http://directory.google.com/Top/Computers/Software/Graphics/3D/Ray_Tracing/. (2003-09-11)
Ray tracing         
WIKIMEDIA DISAMBIGUATION PAGE
Raytracing; Ray Tracing; Ray-tracing; Ray tracing (disambiguation)
Ray tracing is a method for calculating the path of waves or particles through a system. The method is practiced in two distinct forms:
Ray tracing (graphics)         
  • "Draughtsman Making a Perspective Drawing of a Reclining Woman" by Albrecht Dürer, possibly from 1532, shows a man using a grid layout to create an image. The German renaissance artist is credited with first describing the technique.
  • effects of a camera]] due to [[depth of field]] and [[aperture]] shape (in this case a [[hexagon]]).
  • Flip book created in 1976 at Caltech
  • caustics]] are visible. (Image created with [[V-Ray]].)
  • Ray tracing can create photorealistic images.
  • Image showing recursively generated rays from the "eye" (and through an image plane) to a light source after encountering two [[diffuse surface]]s
  • Dürer woodcut of Jacob de Keyser's invention. With de Keyser's device, the artist's viewpoint was fixed by an eye hook inserted in the wall. This was joined by a silk string to a gun-sight style instrument, with a pointed vertical element at the front and a peephole at the back. The artist aimed at the object and traced its outline on the glass, keeping the eyepiece aligned with the string to maintain the correct angle of vision.
  • Cobalt]].)
  • Illustration of the ray-tracing algorithm for one pixel (up to the first bounce)
  • The ray-tracing algorithm builds an image by extending rays into a scene and bouncing them off surfaces and towards sources of light to approximate the color value of pixels.
  • Viewport schema witch pixels, eye E and target T, viewport center C
  • Visualization of SDF ray marching algorithm
RENDERING ALGORITHM THAT WORKS BY SENDING OUT MANY VIRTUAL RAYS OF LIGHT
Ray tracer; Raytracer; Raytrace; Ray trace; Ray-tracer; Ray-trace; Ray Trace; Backwards ray tracing; Ray-tracing (graphics); Ray traced graphics; Raytracing (graphics); Real-time ray tracing; RTRT; Bidirectional path tracing; Algorithms for ray tracing; Real-time raytracing; History of ray tracing; Interactive raytracing; Computational complexity of ray tracing
In 3D computer graphics, ray tracing is a technique for modeling light transport for use in a wide variety of rendering algorithms for generating digital images.

Википедия

Distributed ray tracing

Distributed ray tracing, also called distribution ray tracing and stochastic ray tracing, is a refinement of ray tracing that allows for the rendering of "soft" phenomena.

Conventional ray tracing uses single rays to sample many different domains. For example, when the color of an object is calculated, ray tracing might send a single ray to each light source in the scene. This leads to sharp shadows, since there is no way for a light source to be partially occluded (another way of saying this is that all lights are point sources and have zero area). Conventional ray tracing also typically spawns one reflection ray and one transmission ray per intersection. As a result, reflected and transmitted images are perfectly (and usually unrealistically) sharp.

Distributed ray tracing removes these restrictions by averaging multiple rays distributed over an interval. For example, soft shadows can be rendered by distributing shadow rays over the light source area. Glossy or blurry reflections and transmissions can be rendered by distributing reflection and transmission rays over a solid angle about the mirror reflection or transmission direction. Adding "soft" phenomena to ray-traced images in this way can improve realism immensely, since the sharp phenomena rendered by conventional ray tracing are almost never seen in reality.

More advanced effects are also possible using the same framework. For instance, depth of field can be achieved by distributing ray origins over the lens area. In an animated scene, motion blur can be simulated by distributing rays in time. Distributing rays in the spectrum allows for the rendering of dispersion effects, such as rainbows and prisms.

Mathematically, in order to evaluate the rendering equation, one must evaluate several integrals. Conventional ray tracing estimates these integrals by sampling the value of the integrand at a single point in the domain, which is a very bad approximation, except for narrow domains. Distributed ray tracing samples the integrand at many randomly chosen points and averages the results to obtain a better approximation. It is essentially an application of the Monte Carlo method to 3D computer graphics, and for this reason is also called "stochastic ray tracing". Path tracing is a rendering technique that combines all of these integration domains into a single, high-dimensional domain and samples it in a unified way.