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Что (кто) такое returns to scale - определение
Returns to scale
WHAT HAPPENS AS THE SCALE OF PRODUCTION INCREASES IN THE LONG RUN, WHEN ALL INPUT LEVELS (E.G. PHYSICAL CAPITAL USAGE) ARE VARIABLE (CHOSEN BY THE FIRM)
Constant returns to scale; Variable returns to scale; Returns of scale; Increasing returns to scale; Purchasing economy; Increasing marginal returns; Constant returns; Decreasing returns to scale; Increasing Returns to Scale; Internal scale economies; External scale economies
In economics, returns to scale describe what happens to long-run returns as the scale of production increases, when all input levels including physical capital usage are variable (able to be set by the firm). The concept of returns to scale arises in the context of a firm's production function.
diminishing returns
![Figure 2: Output vs. Input [top] & Output per unit Input vs. Input [bottom]
Seen in [top], the change in output by increasing input from L<sub>1</sub> to L<sub>2</sub> is equal to the change from L<sub>2</sub> to L<sub>3</sub>.
Seen in [bottom], until an input of L<sub>1</sub>, the output per unit is increasing. After L<sub>1</sub>, the output per unit decreases to zero at L<sub>3</sub>.
Together, these demonstrate diminishing returns from L<sub>1</sub>.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Diminishing Returns Graphs.svg?width=200 "Figure 2: Output vs. Input [top] & Output per unit Input vs. Input [bottom]
Seen in [top], the change in output by increasing input from L<sub>1</sub> to L<sub>2</sub> is equal to the change from L<sub>2</sub> to L<sub>3</sub>.
Seen in [bottom], until an input of L<sub>1</sub>, the output per unit is increasing. After L<sub>1</sub>, the output per unit decreases to zero at L<sub>3</sub>.
Together, these demonstrate diminishing returns from L<sub>1</sub>.")
![''Figure 2 [OLD]: Total Output vs. Total Input [top] & Output per unit Input vs. Total Input [bottom]''
Seen in TOP, the change in output by increasing output from L<sub>1</sub> to L<sub>2</sub> is equal to the change from L<sub>2</sub> to L<sub>3</sub>.
Seen in BOTTOM, until an output of L<sub>1</sub>, the output per unit is increasing. After L<sub>1</sub>, the output per unit decreases to zero at L<sub>3</sub>.
Together, these demonstrate diminishing returns from L<sub>1</sub>.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Total, Average, and Marginal Product.svg?width=200 "''Figure 2 [OLD]: Total Output vs. Total Input [top] & Output per unit Input vs. Total Input [bottom]''
Seen in TOP, the change in output by increasing output from L<sub>1</sub> to L<sub>2</sub> is equal to the change from L<sub>2</sub> to L<sub>3</sub>.
Seen in BOTTOM, until an output of L<sub>1</sub>, the output per unit is increasing. After L<sub>1</sub>, the output per unit decreases to zero at L<sub>3</sub>.
Together, these demonstrate diminishing returns from L<sub>1</sub>.")
ADDITIONAL FACTOR OF PRODUCTION RESULTING IN SMALLER INCREASE IN OUTPUT
Law of diminishing returns; Diminishing returns, law of; Increasing returns; Law of increasing opportunity cost; Law of increasing opportunity costs; Increasing opportunity cost; Law of Diminishing Returns; Diminishing Returns; Law of diminishing marginal returns; Law of increasing relative cost; Law of diminishing marginal return; Point of diminishing returns; Diminishing Return; Increasing Return; The law of diminishing returns; Diminishing-returns theory; Diminishing return; Law of eventually diminishing marginal productivity; Law of variable proportions; Diminishing marginal returns; Diminished returns; Diminishing marginal return; The Law Of Diminishing Returns; Declining marginal return; Decreasing marginal return; LDMR; Law of returns; Point of diminishing return; Decreasing marginal returns
In economics, diminishing returns is a situation in which the increase in production, profits, or benefits resulting from something is less than the money or energy that is invested.
N-UNCOUNT
Diminishing returns
ADDITIONAL FACTOR OF PRODUCTION RESULTING IN SMALLER INCREASE IN OUTPUT
Law of diminishing returns; Diminishing returns, law of; Increasing returns; Law of increasing opportunity cost; Law of increasing opportunity costs; Increasing opportunity cost; Law of Diminishing Returns; Diminishing Returns; Law of diminishing marginal returns; Law of increasing relative cost; Law of diminishing marginal return; Point of diminishing returns; Diminishing Return; Increasing Return; The law of diminishing returns; Diminishing-returns theory; Diminishing return; Law of eventually diminishing marginal productivity; Law of variable proportions; Diminishing marginal returns; Diminished returns; Diminishing marginal return; The Law Of Diminishing Returns; Declining marginal return; Decreasing marginal return; LDMR; Law of returns; Point of diminishing return; Decreasing marginal returns
In economics, diminishing returns is the decrease in marginal (incremental) output of a production process as the amount of a single factor of production is incrementally increased, holding all other factors of production equal (ceteris paribus). The law of diminishing returns (also known as the law of diminishing marginal productivity) states that in productive processes, increasing a factor of production by one unit, while holding all other production factors constant, will at some point return a lower unit of output per incremental unit of input.
Примеры употребления для returns to scale
1. These clusters illustrate the importance of increasing returns to scale and external economies of scale (effects accruing to clusters rather than to individual firms). The crucial importance of clusters is that through them human capital (knowledge) develops and spreads, and the accumulation of human capital is the main engine of growth.