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Что (кто) такое reverse circulation - определение
PATH INTEGRAL OF THE FLUID VELOCITY AROUND A CLOSED CURVE
Circulation (mathematics); Circulation (fluid dynamics)
![curl]] of '''v''' is ''heuristically'' depicted as a helical arrow (not a literal representation). Note the projection of '''v''' along ''d'''''l''' and curl of '''v''' may be in the negative sense, reducing the circulation.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/General circulation-vorticity diagram.svg?width=200 "curl]] of '''v''' is ''heuristically'' depicted as a helical arrow (not a literal representation). Note the projection of '''v''' along ''d'''''l''' and curl of '''v''' may be in the negative sense, reducing the circulation.")
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Dual circulation
ECONOMIC TERM OF CHINA
Domestic-international dual circulation; Dual circulation strategy
Domestic-international dual circulation () is a strategy to reorient China's economy by prioritizing domestic consumption ("internal circulation") while remaining open to international trade and investment ("external circulation"). The first academic study on dual circulation defined it as "the domestic consumption-driven economic rebalancing to achieve sustainable economic development".
Pulmonary circulation
![[[3D rendering]] of a [[high resolution computed tomography]] of the [[thorax]]. The anterior thoracic wall, the airways and the pulmonary vessels anterior to the [[root of the lung]] have been digitally removed in order to visualize the different levels of the pulmonary circulation.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/3D CT of thorax, annotated.jpg?width=200 "[[3D rendering]] of a [[high resolution computed tomography]] of the [[thorax]]. The anterior thoracic wall, the airways and the pulmonary vessels anterior to the [[root of the lung]] have been digitally removed in order to visualize the different levels of the pulmonary circulation.")
![Image showing main pulmonary artery coursing ventrally to the [[aortic root]] and [[trachea]]. The right pulmonary artery passes dorsally to the [[ascending aorta]], while the left pulmonary artery passes ventrally to the [[descending aorta]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Relations of the aorta, trachea, esophagus and other heart structures.png?width=200 "Image showing main pulmonary artery coursing ventrally to the [[aortic root]] and [[trachea]]. The right pulmonary artery passes dorsally to the [[ascending aorta]], while the left pulmonary artery passes ventrally to the [[descending aorta]].")
JOURNAL
Pulmonary Circulation journal; Pulmonary Circulation (journal); Pulm. Circ.; Pulm Circ
The pulmonary circulation is a division of the circulatory system in all vertebrates. The circuit begins with deoxygenated blood returned from the body to the right atrium of the heart where it is pumped out from the right ventricle to the lungs.
Pulmonary Circulation
JOURNAL
Pulmonary Circulation journal; Pulmonary Circulation (journal); Pulm. Circ.; Pulm Circ
Pulmonary Circulation is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering the fields of pulmonary circulation and pulmonary vascular disease. It was established in 2011 and is published by Sage Publications on behalf of the Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute, of which it is an official journal.
Cerebral circulation
![The anterior and posterior circulations meet at the [[Circle of Willis]], pictured here, which rests at the top of the [[brainstem]]. Inferior view.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Circle of Willis en.svg?width=200 "The anterior and posterior circulations meet at the [[Circle of Willis]], pictured here, which rests at the top of the [[brainstem]]. Inferior view.")
![The [[ophthalmic artery]] and its branches.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gray514.png?width=200 "The [[ophthalmic artery]] and its branches.")
![[[Dural venous sinuses]] bordered by hard meninges (shown in blue) direct blood outflow from cerebral veins to the [[internal jugular vein]] at the [[base of skull]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sobo 1909 589.png?width=200 "[[Dural venous sinuses]] bordered by hard meninges (shown in blue) direct blood outflow from cerebral veins to the [[internal jugular vein]] at the [[base of skull]]")
BRAIN BLOOD FLOW
Cerebral blood flow; Cerebrovascular circulation; Cerebral vessel; Bridging veins; Bridging vein; Cerebral blood vessel; Brain blood flow; Cerebral vasculature; RCBF; Regional cerebral blood flow; Anterior cerebral circulation; Posterior cerebral circulation
Cerebral circulation is the movement of blood through a network of cerebral arteries and veins supplying the brain. The rate of cerebral blood flow in an adult human is typically 750 milliliters per minute, or about 15% of cardiac output.
Reverse mathematics
BRANCH OF MATHEMATICAL LOGIC THAT SEEKS TO DETERMINE WHICH AXIOMS ARE REQUIRED TO PROVE THEOREMS OF MATHEMATICS
Reverse Mathematics; Weak König's lemma; Weak Konig's lemma; Arithmetical transfinite recursion; Constructive reverse mathematics; Bounded reverse mathematics
Reverse mathematics is a program in mathematical logic that seeks to determine which axioms are required to prove theorems of mathematics. Its defining method can briefly be described as "going backwards from the theorems to the axioms", in contrast to the ordinary mathematical practice of deriving theorems from axioms.
Bridging vein
BRAIN BLOOD FLOW
Cerebral blood flow; Cerebrovascular circulation; Cerebral vessel; Bridging veins; Bridging vein; Cerebral blood vessel; Brain blood flow; Cerebral vasculature; RCBF; Regional cerebral blood flow; Anterior cerebral circulation; Posterior cerebral circulation
Bridging veins are veins in the subarachnoid space that puncture the dura mater and empty into the dural venous sinuses. A rupture of a bridging vein causes a subdural hematoma.
Enterohepatic circulation
THE CIRCULATION OF SUBSTANCES FROM THE LIVER TO THE BILE, TO THE INTESTINE, AND BACK TO THE LIVER
Enterohepatic; Hepatic circulation; Enterohepatic recycling; Hepatic recycling; Enterohepatic cycle; Enterohepatic recirculation; Enterohepatic metabolism; Enterohepatic reabsorption
Enterohepatic circulation refers to the circulation of biliary acids, bilirubin, drugs or other substances from the liver to the bile, followed by entry into the small intestine, absorption by the enterocyte and transport back to the liver. Enterohepatic circulation is an especially important concept in the field of toxicology as many lipophilic xenobiotics undergo this process causing repeated liver damage.
Reverse glass painting
![George Huszar creating an [[Icon]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Georgeworking.jpg?width=200 "George Huszar creating an [[Icon]]")
Reverse Painting on Glass; Reverse painting on glass; Reverse Glass Painting; Reverse painting; Reverse-glass
Reverse painting on glass is an art form consisting of applying paint to a piece of glass and then viewing the image by turning the glass over and looking through the glass at the image. Another term used to refer to the art of cold painting and gilding on the back of glass is verre églomisé, named after the French decorator Jean-Baptiste Glomy (1711–86), who framed prints using glass that had been reverse-painted.
Reverse 1-1-2
Reverse 112
Reverse 1-1-2 is a public safety communications technology used by public safety organizations throughout the world to communicate with groups of people in a defined geographic area. Reverse 112 allows authorities to rapidly warn those in danger, directly through their mobile phones.
Reverse-contrast typefaces
![Centaur]], based on 1470s Venetian printing. The narrowest part of the stroke is at top left/bottom right, so the axis is diagonal.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/01 Humanística.svg?width=200 "Centaur]], based on 1470s Venetian printing. The narrowest part of the stroke is at top left/bottom right, so the axis is diagonal.")
![A Didone type, [[Bodoni]], from the late eighteenth century. The contrast has been increased and the axis of the contrast made more purely vertical.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/04 Didona.svg?width=200 "A Didone type, [[Bodoni]], from the late eighteenth century. The contrast has been increased and the axis of the contrast made more purely vertical.")
![French Clarendon type on a 1914 poster from [[Ljubljana]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bekleidung und Ausrüstung - Aviso - Laibach - Mehrsprachiges Plakat 1914.jpg?width=200 "French Clarendon type on a 1914 poster from [[Ljubljana]].")
![font size]].)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Typographic monstrosities.png?width=200 "font size]].)")
![Didone]] (body text), 'Italian' (the word 'proceedings') and early sans-serif fonts. The 'Italian' type is Caslon's Italian or a close copy. The document was printed in [[Michigan]], showing how far the Italian style had penetrated around 15 years after its appearance in London.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bilde-frost.jpg?width=200 "Didone]] (body text), 'Italian' (the word 'proceedings') and early sans-serif fonts. The 'Italian' type is Caslon's Italian or a close copy. The document was printed in [[Michigan]], showing how far the Italian style had penetrated around 15 years after its appearance in London.")
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![Reverse contrast lettering on tiles at a [[chocolaterie]] at [[The Hague]], Netherlands. Date unknown.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Reverse-contrast lettering, Den Haag.jpg?width=200 "Reverse contrast lettering on tiles at a [[chocolaterie]] at [[The Hague]], Netherlands. Date unknown.")
![Various unusual stresses on the logo of the [[Altair 8800]] computer, 1975.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Altair 8800 at the Computer History Museum, cropped.jpg?width=200 "Various unusual stresses on the logo of the [[Altair 8800]] computer, 1975.")
TYPE OF TYPEFACE OR CUSTOM LETTERING
Reverse-contrast typeface; Caslon's Italian; Caslon Italian
A reverse-contrast or reverse-stress letterform is a design in which the stress is reversed from the norm: a typeface or custom lettering where the horizontal lines are the thickest. This is the reverse of the vertical lines being the same width or thicker than horizontals, which is normal in Latin-alphabet writing and especially printing.
Википедия
Circulation (physics)
In physics, circulation is the line integral of a vector field around a closed curve. In fluid dynamics, the field is the fluid velocity field. In electrodynamics, it can be the electric or the magnetic field.
Circulation was first used independently by Frederick Lanchester, Martin Kutta and Nikolay Zhukovsky. It is usually denoted Γ (Greek uppercase gamma).
