In computing, subject-oriented programming is an object-oriented software paradigm in which the state (fields) and behavior (methods) of objects are not seen as intrinsic to the objects themselves, but are provided by various subjective perceptions ("subjects") of the objects. The term and concepts were first published in September 1993 in a conference paperWilliam Harrison and Harold Ossher, Subject-Oriented Programming - A Critique of Pure Objects, Proceedings of 1993 Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications, September 1993 which was later recognized as being one of the three most influential papers to be presented at the conference between 1986 and 1996.

<programming> Program composition that supports building object-oriented systems as compositions of subjects, extending systems by composing them with new subjects, and integrating systems by composing them with one another (perhaps with glue or adapter subjects). The flexibility of subject composition introduces novel opportunities for developing and modularising object-oriented programs. Subject-oriented programming-in-the-large involves dividing a system into subjects and writing rules to compose them correctly. It complements object-oriented programming, solving a number of problems that arise when OOP is used to develop large systems or suites of interoperating or integrated applications. {IBM subject-oriented programming (http://research.ibm.com/sop/)}. (1999-08-31)

1. <programming> (OO) See object-oriented programming. See also object-oriented analysis, object-oriented database, object-oriented design. 2. <graphics> vector graphics.

object-oriented programming language

Object-Oriented Programming Language (Reference: OOP)

<programming> (OOP) The use of a class of programming languages and techniques based on the concept of an "object" which is a data structure (abstract data type) encapsulated with a set of routines, called "methods", which operate on the data. Operations on the data can __only__ be performed via these methods, which are common to all objects that are instances of a particular "class". Thus the interface to objects is well defined, and allows the code implementing the methods to be changed so long as the interface remains the same. Each class is a separate module and has a position in a "class hierarchy". Methods or code in one class can be passed down the hierarchy to a subclass or inherited from a superclass. This is called "inheritance". A procedure call is described as invoking a method on an object (which effectively becomes the procedure's first argument), and may optionally include other arguments. The method name is looked up in the object's class to find out how to perform that operation on the given object. If the method is not defined for the object's class, it is looked for in its superclass and so on up the class hierarchy until it is found or there is no higher superclass. OOP started with SIMULA-67 around 1970 and became all-pervasive with the advent of C++, and later Java. Another popular object-oriented programming language (OOPL) is Smalltalk, a seminal example from Xerox's {Palo Alto Research Center} (PARC). Others include Ada, {Object Pascal}, Objective C, DRAGOON, BETA, Emerald, POOL, Eiffel, Self, Oblog, ESP, Loops, POLKA, and Python. Other languages, such as Perl and VB, permit, but do not enforce OOP. oriented programmingscg/OOinfo/FAQ/">FAQ (http://iamwww.unibe.ch/object-oriented programmingscg/OOinfo/FAQ/). http://zgdv.igd.fhg.de/papers/se/oop/. http://cuiwww.unige.ch/Chloe/OOinfo. Usenet newsgroup: news:comp.object. (2001-10-11)

object-oriented programming

object-oriented programming

<language> (OSQL) A functional language, a superset of SQL, used in Hewlett-Packard's OpenODB database system. (1994-11-29)