supercomputer - определение. Что такое supercomputer
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Что (кто) такое supercomputer - определение

TYPE OF EXTREMELY POWERFUL COMPUTER
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  • Diagram of a three-dimensional [[torus interconnect]] used by systems such as Blue Gene, Cray XT3, etc.
  • Example architecture of a [[grid computing]] system connecting many personal computers over the internet
  • blades]], each holding many processors
  • The CDC 6600. Behind the system console are two of the "arms" of the plus-sign shaped cabinet with the covers opened. Each arm of the machine had up to four such racks. On the right is the cooling system.
  • A [[Cray-1]] preserved at the [[Deutsches Museum]]
  • A circuit board from the IBM 7030
  • bot=InternetArchiveBot}}
  • blade]]
  • The CPU share of [[TOP500]]
  • access-date=19 July 2018}}</ref>
  • Computing power of the top 1 supercomputer each year, measured in [[FLOPS]]
  • Distribution of TOP500 supercomputers among different countries, in November 2015
  • logscale]] speed over 60&nbsp;years
  • Taiwania 3 is a [[Taiwan]]ese supercomputer which assisted the scientific community in fighting [[COVID-19]]. It was launched in 2020 and has a capacity of about two to three Peta[[FLOPS]].
  • Top 20 supercomputers in the world (June 2014)
  • newspaper=ESO Press Release}}</ref>

supercomputer         
<computer> A broad term for one of the fastest computers currently available. Such computers are typically used for number crunching including scientific simulations, (animated) graphics, analysis of geological data (e.g. in petrochemical prospecting), structural analysis, computational fluid dynamics, physics, chemistry, electronic design, nuclear energy research and meteorology. Perhaps the best known supercomputer manufacturer is Cray Research. A less serious definition, reported from about 1990 at The University Of New South Wales states that a supercomputer is any computer that can outperform IBM's current fastest, thus making it impossible for IBM to ever produce a supercomputer. (1996-12-13)
supercomputer         
¦ noun a particularly powerful mainframe computer.
Derivatives
supercomputing noun
supercomputer         
(supercomputers)
A supercomputer is a powerful computer that can process large amounts of data very quickly.
N-COUNT

Википедия

Supercomputer

A supercomputer is a computer with a high level of performance as compared to a general-purpose computer. The performance of a supercomputer is commonly measured in floating-point operations per second (FLOPS) instead of million instructions per second (MIPS). Since 2017, there have existed supercomputers which can perform over 1017 FLOPS (a hundred quadrillion FLOPS, 100 petaFLOPS or 100 PFLOPS). For comparison, a desktop computer has performance in the range of hundreds of gigaFLOPS (1011) to tens of teraFLOPS (1013). Since November 2017, all of the world's fastest 500 supercomputers run on Linux-based operating systems. Additional research is being conducted in the United States, the European Union, Taiwan, Japan, and China to build faster, more powerful and technologically superior exascale supercomputers.

Supercomputers play an important role in the field of computational science, and are used for a wide range of computationally intensive tasks in various fields, including quantum mechanics, weather forecasting, climate research, oil and gas exploration, molecular modeling (computing the structures and properties of chemical compounds, biological macromolecules, polymers, and crystals), and physical simulations (such as simulations of the early moments of the universe, airplane and spacecraft aerodynamics, the detonation of nuclear weapons, and nuclear fusion). They have been essential in the field of cryptanalysis.

Supercomputers were introduced in the 1960s, and for several decades the fastest were made by Seymour Cray at Control Data Corporation (CDC), Cray Research and subsequent companies bearing his name or monogram. The first such machines were highly tuned conventional designs that ran more quickly than their more general-purpose contemporaries. Through the decade, increasing amounts of parallelism were added, with one to four processors being typical. In the 1970s, vector processors operating on large arrays of data came to dominate. A notable example is the highly successful Cray-1 of 1976. Vector computers remained the dominant design into the 1990s. From then until today, massively parallel supercomputers with tens of thousands of off-the-shelf processors became the norm.

The US has long been the leader in the supercomputer field, first through Cray's almost uninterrupted dominance of the field, and later through a variety of technology companies. Japan made major strides in the field in the 1980s and 90s, with China becoming increasingly active in the field. As of May 2022, the fastest supercomputer on the TOP500 supercomputer list is Frontier, in the US, with a LINPACK benchmark score of 1.102 ExaFlop/s, followed by Fugaku. The US has five of the top 10; China has two; Japan, Finland, and France have one each. In June 2018, all combined supercomputers on the TOP500 list broke the 1 exaFLOPS mark.

Примеры употребления для supercomputer
1. IBM will build a next–generation supercomputer for the U.S.
2. The Cell does, in theory, offer supercomputer–type power, as Kutaragi claimed.
3. "The TeraGrid is a distributed supercomputer, a system with potentially unlimited capability for us.
4. The Earth Simulator, introduced in 2002, was the world‘s fastest supercomputer until 2004, when IBM‘s Blue Gene took the title.
5. Five years ago, no supercomputer in the world was capable of more than one teraflop.