superimposed illuminance - определение. Что такое superimposed illuminance
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Что (кто) такое superimposed illuminance - определение

INTENSITY OF SUNLIGHT
Solar Constant; Solar Illuminance Constant; Solar illuminance constant
  • Solar irradiance spectrum at top of atmosphere, on a linear scale and plotted against [[wavenumber]].
  • A 1903 Langley bolograph with an erroneous solar constant of 2.54 calories/minute/square centimeter.

Superposed load         
  • A four shot superposed load flintlock musket built for militia use in 1824. The lock is positioned to ignite the front-most charge, and the rearward toucholes are protected by rotating covers.
  • A superimposed load pistol made in Britain by William Mills in approximately 1830
METHOD USED BY A FIREARM TO FIRE MULTIPLE SHOTS
Stacked charge; Superimposed load; Superimposed charge; Bullet after bullet; Bullet behind bullet; Bullet stacked after bullet
A superposed load or stacked charge or superimposed load is a method used by various muzzle-loading firearms, from matchlocks to caplocks, as well as newer Metal Storm weapons, to fire multiple shots from a single barrel without reloading. In a sense, superposed load guns were the first automatic firearms, as they fired multiple shots per pull of the trigger.
Solar constant         
The solar constant (GSC) is a flux density measuring mean solar electromagnetic radiation (total solar irradiance) per unit area. It is measured on a surface perpendicular to the rays, one astronomical unit (au) from the Sun (roughly the distance from the Sun to the Earth).
illuminance         
LUMINOUS FLUX INCIDENT ON A SURFACE PER AREA
Luminous emittance; Luminous exitance; Luminous density
[?'l(j)u:m?n?ns]
¦ noun Physics the amount of luminous flux per unit area.

Википедия

Solar constant

The solar constant (GSC) is a flux density measuring mean solar electromagnetic radiation (total solar irradiance) per unit area. It is measured on a surface perpendicular to the rays, one astronomical unit (au) from the Sun (roughly the distance from the Sun to the Earth).

The solar constant includes radiation over the entire electromagnetic spectrum. It is measured by satellite as being 1.361 kilowatts per square meter (kW/m2) at solar minimum (the time in the 11-year solar cycle when the number of sunspots is minimal) and approximately 0.1% greater (roughly 1.362 kW/m2) at solar maximum.

The solar "constant" is not a physical constant in the modern CODATA scientific sense; that is, it is not like the Planck constant or the speed of light which are absolutely constant in physics. The solar constant is an average of a varying value. In the past 400 years it has varied less than 0.2 percent. Billions of years ago, it was significantly lower.

This constant is used in the calculation of radiation pressure, which aids in the calculation of a force on a solar sail.