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Что (кто) такое yellow ligaments - определение
![[[Bradley Wiggins]] wears the yellow jersey in the 2012 [[Tour de France]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bradley Wiggins Tour 2012 EZF.jpg?width=200 "[[Bradley Wiggins]] wears the yellow jersey in the 2012 [[Tour de France]].")
![[[Eurocopter EC135]]P1 of [[Western Power Distribution]], used for electricity line inspection](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Eurocopter EC135P1 of Western Power Distribution (G-WPDD) leaves Bristol Airport, England 15Aug2016 arp.jpg?width=200 "[[Eurocopter EC135]]P1 of [[Western Power Distribution]], used for electricity line inspection")
![A [[yellow jacket]] [[wasp]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/European wasp white bg.jpg?width=200 "A [[yellow jacket]] [[wasp]]")
.jpg?width=200 "\"Yellow vests\" protest in France, November 2018")
.jpg?width=200 "Yellow ochre quarry in Roussillon, France")
![Complements of yellow have a dominant wavelength in the range 380 to 480 nm. The green lines show several possible pairs of complementary colors with respect to different blackbody color temperature neutrals, illustrated by the "[[Planckian locus]]".](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PlanckianLocusWithYellowComplements.png?width=200 "Complements of yellow have a dominant wavelength in the range 380 to 480 nm. The green lines show several possible pairs of complementary colors with respect to different blackbody color temperature neutrals, illustrated by the \"[[Planckian locus]]\".")
![American aspens, ''[[Populus tremuloides]]''](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Snowbowlaspens.jpg?width=200 "American aspens, ''[[Populus tremuloides]]''")
![key]](black). When CMY "primaries" are combined at full strength, the resulting "secondary" mixtures are red, green, and blue.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/CMYK color swatches.svg?width=200 "key]](black). When CMY \"primaries\" are combined at full strength, the resulting \"secondary\" mixtures are red, green, and blue.")
![Eagle River]] near [[Anchorage]], [[Alaska]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fall colors near the Eagle Lake trailhead.jpg?width=200 "Eagle River]] near [[Anchorage]], [[Alaska]]")
![canaries]] and [[egg yolks]], get their yellow color from natural pigments called [[carotenoids]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bananas.jpg?width=200 "canaries]] and [[egg yolks]], get their yellow color from natural pigments called [[carotenoids]].")
![The yolk of a raw egg. The color comes from the [[xanthophyll]] carotenoids [[lutein]] and [[zeaxanthin]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Raw egg.jpg?width=200 "The yolk of a raw egg. The color comes from the [[xanthophyll]] carotenoids [[lutein]] and [[zeaxanthin]]")
.jpg?width=200 "Duckling chicks")
![Image of a horse colored with [[yellow ochre]] from [[Lascaux]] cave.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lascaux2.jpg?width=200 "Image of a horse colored with [[yellow ochre]] from [[Lascaux]] cave.")
![Paintings in the Tomb of Nakht in [[ancient Egypt]] (15th century BC).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tomb of Nakht.jpg?width=200 "Paintings in the Tomb of Nakht in [[ancient Egypt]] (15th century BC).")
![[[Byzantine art]] made lavish use of gold, seen in this detail of the [[mosaic]] of the Emperor [[Justinian]] from the [[Basilica of San Vitale]] in [[Ravenna]], Italy (before 547 AD).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mosaic of Justinianus I - Basilica San Vitale (Ravenna).jpg?width=200 "[[Byzantine art]] made lavish use of gold, seen in this detail of the [[mosaic]] of the Emperor [[Justinian]] from the [[Basilica of San Vitale]] in [[Ravenna]], Italy (before 547 AD).")
![The flag of the [[Paleologus dynasty]] of Byzantine emperors was red and gold.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of Palaeologus Dynasty.svg?width=200 "The flag of the [[Paleologus dynasty]] of Byzantine emperors was red and gold.")
![[[Saffron]] was sometimes used as a pigment in Medieval manuscripts, such as this page showing the murder of [[Thomas Becket]] at [[Canterbury Cathedral]], {{Circa}} 1200](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Thomas Becket Murder.JPG?width=200 "[[Saffron]] was sometimes used as a pigment in Medieval manuscripts, such as this page showing the murder of [[Thomas Becket]] at [[Canterbury Cathedral]], {{Circa}} 1200")
![The ''Kiss of Judas'' (1304–06) by [[Giotto di Bondone]], followed the Medieval tradition of clothing [[Judas Iscariot]] in a yellow toga.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Giotto - Scrovegni - -31- - Kiss of Judas.jpg?width=200 "The ''Kiss of Judas'' (1304–06) by [[Giotto di Bondone]], followed the Medieval tradition of clothing [[Judas Iscariot]] in a yellow toga.")
![[[Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester]] (1560–1565)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Robert Dudley.jpg?width=200 "[[Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester]] (1560–1565)")
![''Young Man in a Yellow Robe'' [[Jan Lievens]], {{Circa}} 1630–1631](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Young Man in a Yellow Robe c1630-1631 Jan Lievens.jpg?width=200 "''Young Man in a Yellow Robe'' [[Jan Lievens]], {{Circa}} 1630–1631")
![''The Milkmaid'']] by [[Johannes Vermeer]], {{Circa}}1658](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Johannes Vermeer - Het melkmeisje - Google Art Project.jpg?width=200 "''The Milkmaid'']] by [[Johannes Vermeer]], {{Circa}}1658")
![''[[A Young Girl Reading]]'', or ''The Reader''. [[Jean-Honoré Fragonard]], c. 1776, 32" x 25 1/2" National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fragonard, The Reader.jpg?width=200 "''[[A Young Girl Reading]]'', or ''The Reader''. [[Jean-Honoré Fragonard]], c. 1776, 32\" x 25 1/2\" National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.")
![''[[Rain, Steam and Speed – The Great Western Railway]]''. (1844). British painter [[J. M. W. Turner]] used yellow clouds to create a mood, the way romantic composers of the time used music.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Turner - Rain, Steam and Speed - National Gallery file.jpg?width=200 "''[[Rain, Steam and Speed – The Great Western Railway]]''. (1844). British painter [[J. M. W. Turner]] used yellow clouds to create a mood, the way romantic composers of the time used music.")
![[[Georges Seurat]] used a new pigment, zinc yellow, in the green lawns of ''[[A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte]]'' (1884–86). He did not know that the paint would quickly deteriorate and turn brown.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/A Sunday on La Grande Jatte, Georges Seurat, 1884.png?width=200 "[[Georges Seurat]] used a new pigment, zinc yellow, in the green lawns of ''[[A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte]]'' (1884–86). He did not know that the paint would quickly deteriorate and turn brown.")
![Sunflowers]]'' (1888) by [[Vincent van Gogh]] is a fountain of yellows.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vincent Van Gogh 0010.jpg?width=200 "Sunflowers]]'' (1888) by [[Vincent van Gogh]] is a fountain of yellows.")
![[[The Yellow Kid]] (1895) was one of the first [[comic strip]] characters. He gave his name to type of sensational reporting called [[Yellow Journalism]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/YellowKid.jpeg?width=200 "[[The Yellow Kid]] (1895) was one of the first [[comic strip]] characters. He gave his name to type of sensational reporting called [[Yellow Journalism]].")
![Maria Leopoldina of Brazil]] with her children.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Domenico Failutti - Retrato de Dona Leopoldina de Habsburgo e Seus Filhos, Acervo do Museu Paulista da USP.jpg?width=200 "Maria Leopoldina of Brazil]] with her children.")
![Michael Ancher]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Michael Ancher - Ung Pige - 1904.png?width=200 "Michael Ancher]]")
![Yellow Room, [[Frederick Carl Frieseke]], 1910](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Yellow Room, Frieseke.jpg?width=200 "Yellow Room, [[Frederick Carl Frieseke]], 1910")
![Jews in [[Nazi-occupied Europe]] were required to wear [[yellow badge]]s such as this.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Yellowstar.jpg?width=200 "Jews in [[Nazi-occupied Europe]] were required to wear [[yellow badge]]s such as this.")
![Yellow was valued for its high visibility. [[Las Vegas]] became a showcase of [[neon art]] and advertising.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Horse&rider.jpg?width=200 "Yellow was valued for its high visibility. [[Las Vegas]] became a showcase of [[neon art]] and advertising.")
![The [[Palácio do Planalto]], official workplace of the [[President of Brazil]], illuminated in yellow light.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Palácio do Planalto Campanha Internacional Maio Amarelo.jpg?width=200 "The [[Palácio do Planalto]], official workplace of the [[President of Brazil]], illuminated in yellow light.")
![''[[Acacia dealbata]]'' (silver wattle)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mimosa Colombe d'Or Saint Paul de Vence.JPG?width=200 "''[[Acacia dealbata]]'' (silver wattle)")
![''[[Senna bicapsularis]]'' (rambling senna)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cassia bicapsularis (1).jpg?width=200 "''[[Senna bicapsularis]]'' (rambling senna)")
![[[Narcissus pseudonarcissus]], or [[Daffodil]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Narcissus pseudonarcissus flower 300303.jpg?width=200 "[[Narcissus pseudonarcissus]], or [[Daffodil]]")
![''[[Anthemis tinctoria]]'' (golden marguerite)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mother and daughter edit.jpg?width=200 "''[[Anthemis tinctoria]]'' (golden marguerite)")
![''[[Anthyllis vulneraria]]'' (common kidneyvetch)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Anthyllis vulneraria, AlpenWundklee 1.JPG?width=200 "''[[Anthyllis vulneraria]]'' (common kidneyvetch)")
![''[[Tagetes erecta]]'' (Mexican marigold)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Yellow Marigold Tennessee.jpg?width=200 "''[[Tagetes erecta]]'' (Mexican marigold)")
![''[[Senecio angulatus]]'' (creeping groundsel)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Senecio angulatus.jpg?width=200 "''[[Senecio angulatus]]'' (creeping groundsel)")
![''[[Brugmansia aurea]]'' (angel's trumpet)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Brugmansia aurea 12.jpg?width=200 "''[[Brugmansia aurea]]'' (angel's trumpet)")
![[[Orpiment]] was a source of yellow pigment from ancient Egypt through the 19th century, though it is highly toxic.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Orpiment mineral.jpg?width=200 "[[Orpiment]] was a source of yellow pigment from ancient Egypt through the 19th century, though it is highly toxic.")
![[[Indian yellow]] pigment](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Indisch-Gelb.jpg?width=200 "[[Indian yellow]] pigment")
![[[Chrome yellow]] was discovered in 1809.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lead chromate.JPG?width=200 "[[Chrome yellow]] was discovered in 1809.")
![stigma]] of this plant, the [[crocus sativus]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Saffran crocus sativus moist.jpg?width=200 "stigma]] of this plant, the [[crocus sativus]].")
![[[Curcuma longa]], also known as [[Turmeric]], has been used for centuries in India as a dye, particularly for monk's robes. it is also commonly used as a medicine and as a spice in Indian cooking.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Curcuma longa roots.jpg?width=200 "[[Curcuma longa]], also known as [[Turmeric]], has been used for centuries in India as a dye, particularly for monk's robes. it is also commonly used as a medicine and as a spice in Indian cooking.")
![[[Reseda luteola]], also known as dyers weed, yellow weed or weld, was the most popular source of yellow dye in Europe from the Middle Ages through the 18th century.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Reseda luteola (Flowers).jpg?width=200 "[[Reseda luteola]], also known as dyers weed, yellow weed or weld, was the most popular source of yellow dye in Europe from the Middle Ages through the 18th century.")
![The [[Garcinia]] tree of Southeast Asia, whose resin is used to make the yellow dye called [[gamboge]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Garcinia subelliptica (200703).jpg?width=200 "The [[Garcinia]] tree of Southeast Asia, whose resin is used to make the yellow dye called [[gamboge]].")
![Portrait of the [[Jiajing Emperor]] from the [[Ming dynasty]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait assis de l'empereur Jiajing.jpg?width=200 "Portrait of the [[Jiajing Emperor]] from the [[Ming dynasty]].")
![The [[Qianlong Emperor]] in court dress (18th century).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/乾隆皇帝老年肖像.jpg?width=200 "The [[Qianlong Emperor]] in court dress (18th century).")
![Daoguang]] period [[Peking glass]] vase. The color is named "Imperial Yellow" after the banner of the Qing Dynasty.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Imperial Yellow Peking Glass Vase Closeup.jpg?width=200 "Daoguang]] period [[Peking glass]] vase. The color is named \"Imperial Yellow\" after the banner of the Qing Dynasty.")
![Yellow roofs in the [[Forbidden City]], which are limited to imperial buildings.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/20090528 Beijing Forbidden City 8074.jpg?width=200 "Yellow roofs in the [[Forbidden City]], which are limited to imperial buildings.")
![In North America, school buses such as this one in [[Albemarle County, Virginia]] are required to be painted yellow.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Thomas SafTLiner C2 RF.jpg?width=200 "In North America, school buses such as this one in [[Albemarle County, Virginia]] are required to be painted yellow.")
![A crash tender of the [[Royal Danish Air Force]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Crashtender BC.jpg?width=200 "A crash tender of the [[Royal Danish Air Force]].")
![Yellow [[penalty card]] used during an association football match](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Massimo Busacca, Referee, Switzerland (10).jpg?width=200 "Yellow [[penalty card]] used during an association football match")
![The [[Empress Eugenie]] dressed as [[Marie Antoinette]], painted by [[Franz Winterhalter]] (1854)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/L'impératrice Eugénie à la Marie-Antoinette, 1854, Franz Xaver Winterhalter.jpg?width=200 "The [[Empress Eugenie]] dressed as [[Marie Antoinette]], painted by [[Franz Winterhalter]] (1854)")
![''Portrait of Madame Kuznetsova'', by [[Ilya Repin]]. (1901)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kuznetsova by Repin.jpg?width=200 "''Portrait of Madame Kuznetsova'', by [[Ilya Repin]]. (1901)")
![''The Ball'' by [[James Tissot]] (1880)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/James Tissot - The Ball.jpg?width=200 "''The Ball'' by [[James Tissot]] (1880)")
![[[Kuchipudi]] dancers](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flickr - dalbera - Danseuses de Kuchipudi (musée Guimet).jpg?width=200 "[[Kuchipudi]] dancers")
![Singer [[Kylie Minogue]] performs at a Nobel Prize Concert](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kylie Minogue IMG 4379.JPG?width=200 "Singer [[Kylie Minogue]] performs at a Nobel Prize Concert")
![[[Flag of Belgium]] (1831). The yellow comes from the yellow lion in the coat of arms of the [[Duchy of Brabant]], founded in 1183–84.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of Belgium.svg?width=200 "[[Flag of Belgium]] (1831). The yellow comes from the yellow lion in the coat of arms of the [[Duchy of Brabant]], founded in 1183–84.")
![[[Flag of Bhutan]] (1956). The Bhutan flag features [[Druk]], the thunder dragon of [[Bhutanese mythology]]. The yellow represents civic tradition, the red the Buddhist spiritual tradition.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of Bhutan.svg?width=200 "[[Flag of Bhutan]] (1956). The Bhutan flag features [[Druk]], the thunder dragon of [[Bhutanese mythology]]. The yellow represents civic tradition, the red the Buddhist spiritual tradition.")
![[[Flag of Brazil]] (1889). The yellow color was inherited from the flag of the [[Empire of Brazil]] (1822–1889), where it represented the color of the [[House of Habsburg]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of Brazil.svg?width=200 "[[Flag of Brazil]] (1889). The yellow color was inherited from the flag of the [[Empire of Brazil]] (1822–1889), where it represented the color of the [[House of Habsburg]].")
![[[Flag of Brunei]] (1956). In Southeast Asia yellow is the color of royalty. it is the color of the [[Sultan of Brunei]], and also appears on the flag of Thailand and of Malaysia.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of Brunei.svg?width=200 "[[Flag of Brunei]] (1956). In Southeast Asia yellow is the color of royalty. it is the color of the [[Sultan of Brunei]], and also appears on the flag of Thailand and of Malaysia.")
![[[Flag of Chad]] (1959). The color yellow here represents the sun and the desert in the north of the country. This flag is identical to that of Romania, except that it uses a slightly darker indigo blue rather than cobalt blue.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of Chad.svg?width=200 "[[Flag of Chad]] (1959). The color yellow here represents the sun and the desert in the north of the country. This flag is identical to that of Romania, except that it uses a slightly darker indigo blue rather than cobalt blue.")
![[[Flag of the People's Republic of China]] (1949). The four small gold stars represent the workers, peasants, urban middle class, and rural middle class. The large star represents the [[Chinese Communist Party]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg?width=200 "[[Flag of the People's Republic of China]] (1949). The four small gold stars represent the workers, peasants, urban middle class, and rural middle class. The large star represents the [[Chinese Communist Party]].")
![[[Flag of Colombia]]. The asymmetric design of the flag is based on the old [[Flag of Gran Colombia]]. The yellow color represents the golden treasure taken from Colombia over the centuries.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of Colombia.svg?width=200 "[[Flag of Colombia]]. The asymmetric design of the flag is based on the old [[Flag of Gran Colombia]]. The yellow color represents the golden treasure taken from Colombia over the centuries.")
![[[Flag of Germany]]. Black, red and yellow were the colors of the [[Holy Roman Emperor]], and, in 1919, of the German [[Weimar Republic]]. The modern German flag was adopted in 1949.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of Germany.svg?width=200 "[[Flag of Germany]]. Black, red and yellow were the colors of the [[Holy Roman Emperor]], and, in 1919, of the German [[Weimar Republic]]. The modern German flag was adopted in 1949.")
![[[Flag of India]] (1947). The yellow color is officially called India saffron, and represents courage and sacrifice.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of India.svg?width=200 "[[Flag of India]] (1947). The yellow color is officially called India saffron, and represents courage and sacrifice.")
![[[Flag of Jamaica]] (1962). It is currently the only national flag that does not contain a shade of the colors red, white, or blue.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of Jamaica.svg?width=200 "[[Flag of Jamaica]] (1962). It is currently the only national flag that does not contain a shade of the colors red, white, or blue.")
![[[Flag of Lithuania]] (1918 to 1940, restored in 1989, modified in 2004). Yellow represents the sun, light and goodness.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of Lithuania.svg?width=200 "[[Flag of Lithuania]] (1918 to 1940, restored in 1989, modified in 2004). Yellow represents the sun, light and goodness.")
![[[Flag of Malaysia]] (original version, 1950, current version 1963.) The yellow crescent represents Islam, the yellow star the unity of the fourteen states of Malaysia. The red and white stripes (like the stripes on the U.S. flag) are adopted from the flag of the [[British East India Company]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of Malaysia.svg?width=200 "[[Flag of Malaysia]] (original version, 1950, current version 1963.) The yellow crescent represents Islam, the yellow star the unity of the fourteen states of Malaysia. The red and white stripes (like the stripes on the U.S. flag) are adopted from the flag of the [[British East India Company]].")
![[[Flag of Mozambique]] (1983). The colors are those of the Marxist Liberation Front of Mozambique, or [[FRELIMO]], which rules the country. Yellow represents the country's mineral wealth.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of Mozambique.svg?width=200 "[[Flag of Mozambique]] (1983). The colors are those of the Marxist Liberation Front of Mozambique, or [[FRELIMO]], which rules the country. Yellow represents the country's mineral wealth.")
![[[Flag of the Philippines]] (1898). The yellow sun is in the middle of the triangle shape.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of the Philippines.svg?width=200 "[[Flag of the Philippines]] (1898). The yellow sun is in the middle of the triangle shape.")
![[[Flag of Romania]] (1848, and again in 1989, after the fall of the Communist regime.) Blue, yellow and red were the colors of the [[Wallachian uprising of 1821]], and the 1848 revolution. Yellow represents justice.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of Romania.svg?width=200 "[[Flag of Romania]] (1848, and again in 1989, after the fall of the Communist regime.) Blue, yellow and red were the colors of the [[Wallachian uprising of 1821]], and the 1848 revolution. Yellow represents justice.")
![[[Flag of Spain]] (1978). The yellow in the Spanish flag comes from the traditional [[Crown of Castille]] and the [[Crown of Aragon]]. The general design was adopted in 1785 for the Spanish Navy, to be visible from a great distance at sea.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of Spain.svg?width=200 "[[Flag of Spain]] (1978). The yellow in the Spanish flag comes from the traditional [[Crown of Castille]] and the [[Crown of Aragon]]. The general design was adopted in 1785 for the Spanish Navy, to be visible from a great distance at sea.")
![[[Flag of Sweden]] (adopted 1906, but colors in use since at least the mid-16th century). The legend says that in 1157, during the [[First Swedish Crusade]], the Swedish king [[Eric the Holy]] saw a golden cross appear in the blue sky.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of Sweden.svg?width=200 "[[Flag of Sweden]] (adopted 1906, but colors in use since at least the mid-16th century). The legend says that in 1157, during the [[First Swedish Crusade]], the Swedish king [[Eric the Holy]] saw a golden cross appear in the blue sky.")
![[[Flag of Ukraine]] (1992 (originally in 1918)).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of Ukraine.svg?width=200 "[[Flag of Ukraine]] (1992 (originally in 1918)).")
![[[Flag of Vatican City]] (1929). The yellow color represents the golden key of the Kingdom of heaven, described in the [[Book of Matthew]] of the [[New Testament]], and part of the Papal seal on the flag.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of the Vatican City.svg?width=200 "[[Flag of Vatican City]] (1929). The yellow color represents the golden key of the Kingdom of heaven, described in the [[Book of Matthew]] of the [[New Testament]], and part of the Papal seal on the flag.")
![[[Flag of Vietnam]] (1955). The big gold star represents five main classes (laborers, soldiers, peasants, intellectuals and bourgeois).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of Vietnam.svg?width=200 "[[Flag of Vietnam]] (1955). The big gold star represents five main classes (laborers, soldiers, peasants, intellectuals and bourgeois).")
![(1819) The flag of [[Gran Colombia]], which won independence from Spain, then broke into three countries ([[Colombia]], [[Venezuela]] and [[Ecuador]]) in 1830.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of the Gran Colombia (1819-1820).svg?width=200 "(1819) The flag of [[Gran Colombia]], which won independence from Spain, then broke into three countries ([[Colombia]], [[Venezuela]] and [[Ecuador]]) in 1830.")
![Imperial flag of the [[Qing dynasty]], China (1890–1912), the last dynasty of China, overthrown by the [[Xinhai Revolution]] of 1911.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1889-1912).svg?width=200 "Imperial flag of the [[Qing dynasty]], China (1890–1912), the last dynasty of China, overthrown by the [[Xinhai Revolution]] of 1911.")
![Flag of [[South Vietnam]] (1955–75). This was the flag of the anti-communist southern part of Vietnam during the [[Vietnam War]]. It was replaced by the flag of North Vietnam after communist forces took [[Saigon]] on 30 April 1975.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of South Vietnam.svg?width=200 "Flag of [[South Vietnam]] (1955–75). This was the flag of the anti-communist southern part of Vietnam during the [[Vietnam War]]. It was replaced by the flag of North Vietnam after communist forces took [[Saigon]] on 30 April 1975.")
![The flag of [[East Germany]] (1959–90). It differs from the West German flag by the presence of a communist symbol in the center, and it fell out of use when Germany was reunified after the fall of the [[Berlin Wall]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag of East Germany.svg?width=200 "The flag of [[East Germany]] (1959–90). It differs from the West German flag by the presence of a communist symbol in the center, and it fell out of use when Germany was reunified after the fall of the [[Berlin Wall]].")
![Buddhist monks in [[Tibet]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Buddhist monks of Tibet7.jpg?width=200 "Buddhist monks in [[Tibet]]")
![A Hindu [[sadhu]], or ascetic wandering monk or holy man, in [[Kathmandu]], Nepal.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sadou Kathmandu 04 04.jpg?width=200 "A Hindu [[sadhu]], or ascetic wandering monk or holy man, in [[Kathmandu]], Nepal.")
![Christ giving the golden key of the kingdom heaven to [[Saint Peter]] (1481–82), by [[Pietro Perugino]]. The golden key is the symbol of the Pope.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gesupietrochiave.jpg?width=200 "Christ giving the golden key of the kingdom heaven to [[Saint Peter]] (1481–82), by [[Pietro Perugino]]. The golden key is the symbol of the Pope.")
![[[Pope Benedict XVI]]. The Pope traditionally wears gold and white outside St. Peter's Basilica.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Benedykt XVI (2010-10-17) 4.jpg?width=200 "[[Pope Benedict XVI]]. The Pope traditionally wears gold and white outside St. Peter's Basilica.")
![Akali Phoola Singh]] di Burj in [[Amritsar]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nishan Sahib in blue, at Baba Phoola Singh di Burj in Amritsar.jpg?width=200 "Akali Phoola Singh]] di Burj in [[Amritsar]]")
Википедия
The phrenoesophageal ligament (phrenicoesophageal ligament, or phrenoesophageal membrane) is the ligament by which the esophagus is attached to the diaphragm. It is an extension of the inferior diaphragmatic fascia and is divided into an upper and lower limb which attach to the superior and inferior surfaces of the diaphragm respectively at the esophageal hiatus. The upper limb attaches the esophagus to the superior surface of the diaphragm and the lower limb attaches the cardia region of the stomach to the inferior surface of the diaphragm at the cardiac notch of stomach. The ligament allows independent movement of the diaphragm and esophagus during respiration and swallowing.
