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جيولوجي - перевод на Английский
جيولوجي
geologic
جيولوجيا
علوم مختصة بدراسة بينية الأرض الصلبة، والعمليات التي تحدث عليها مع مرور الزمن
الجيولوجيا; علم الأرض; Geology; جيلوجيا; الجلوجيا; علم الإراضة; علم الجيولوجيا; چيولوچيا; اراضة; جيولجية; الإراضة; جولوجيا; علم الأرض - Geology; علم طبقات الارض; حصلبة; حصلاب; علم طبقات الأرض
geology
GEOLOGICAL
![Oceanic-continental convergence resulting in [[subduction]] and [[volcanic arc]]s illustrates one effect of [[plate tectonics]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Active Margin.svg?width=200 "Oceanic-continental convergence resulting in [[subduction]] and [[volcanic arc]]s illustrates one effect of [[plate tectonics]].")
![rock]] strata](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Agiospavlos DM 2004 IMG003 Felsenformation nahe.JPG?width=200 "rock]] strata")
![A diagram of folds, indicating an [[anticline]] and a [[syncline]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Antecline (PSF).png?width=200 "A diagram of folds, indicating an [[anticline]] and a [[syncline]]")
![Brunton Pocket Transit]], commonly used by geologists for mapping and surveying](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Brunton.JPG?width=200 "Brunton Pocket Transit]], commonly used by geologists for mapping and surveying")
![volcanic dyke]] (cutting through A, B & C); E – even younger rock strata (overlying C & D); F – [[normal fault]] (cutting through A, B, C & E).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cross-cutting relations.svg?width=200 "volcanic dyke]] (cutting through A, B & C); E – even younger rock strata (overlying C & D); F – [[normal fault]] (cutting through A, B, C & E).")
![slabs]] are in blue and continental margins and a few plate boundaries are in red. The blue blob in the cutaway section is the [[Farallon Plate]], which is subducting beneath North America. The remnants of this plate on the surface of the Earth are the [[Juan de Fuca Plate]] and [[Explorer Plate]], both in the northwestern United States and southwestern Canada and the [[Cocos Plate]] on the west coast of Mexico.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Farallon Plate.jpg?width=200 "slabs]] are in blue and continental margins and a few plate boundaries are in red. The blue blob in the cutaway section is the [[Farallon Plate]], which is subducting beneath North America. The remnants of this plate on the surface of the Earth are the [[Juan de Fuca Plate]] and [[Explorer Plate]], both in the northwestern United States and southwestern Canada and the [[Cocos Plate]] on the west coast of Mexico.")
![era]]s of the Earth's history](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Geologic Clock with events and periods.svg?width=200 "era]]s of the Earth's history")
![The [[Earth]]'s layered structure. (1) inner core; (2) outer core; (3) lower mantle; (4) upper mantle; (5) lithosphere; (6) crust (part of the lithosphere)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jordens inre-numbers.svg?width=200 "The [[Earth]]'s layered structure. (1) inner core; (2) outer core; (3) lower mantle; (4) upper mantle; (5) lithosphere; (6) crust (part of the lithosphere)")
![cross section]] of [[Kittatinny Mountain]]. This cross-section shows metamorphic rocks, overlain by younger sediments deposited after the metamorphic event. These rock units were later folded and faulted during the uplift of the mountain.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kittatinny Mountain Cross Section.jpg?width=200 "cross section]] of [[Kittatinny Mountain]]. This cross-section shows metamorphic rocks, overlain by younger sediments deposited after the metamorphic event. These rock units were later folded and faulted during the uplift of the mountain.")
![Surface of Mars as photographed by the [[Viking 2]] lander December 9, 1977](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mars Viking 21i093.png?width=200 "Surface of Mars as photographed by the [[Viking 2]] lander December 9, 1977")
![Mud log in process, a common way to study the [[lithology]] when drilling oil wells](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mudlogging.JPG?width=200 "Mud log in process, a common way to study the [[lithology]] when drilling oil wells")
![A child drinks water from a [[well]] built as part of a hydrogeological humanitarian project in [[Kenya]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/New water well opens in Shant Abak DVIDS92609.jpg?width=200 "A child drinks water from a [[well]] built as part of a hydrogeological humanitarian project in [[Kenya]]")
![gold]] from [[Venezuela]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Or Venezuela.jpg?width=200 "gold]] from [[Venezuela]]")
![décollement]]. It builds its shape into a [[critical taper]], in which the angles within the wedge remain the same as failures inside the material balance failures along the décollement. It is analogous to a bulldozer pushing a pile of dirt, where the bulldozer is the overriding plate.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Orogenic wedge.jpg?width=200 "décollement]]. It builds its shape into a [[critical taper]], in which the angles within the wedge remain the same as failures inside the material balance failures along the décollement. It is analogous to a bulldozer pushing a pile of dirt, where the bulldozer is the overriding plate.")
![Today, [[handheld computer]]s with [[GPS]] and [[geographic information systems]] software are often used in geological field work ([[digital geological mapping]]).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PDA Mapping.jpg?width=200 "Today, [[handheld computer]]s with [[GPS]] and [[geographic information systems]] software are often used in geological field work ([[digital geological mapping]]).")
![Man panning for [[gold]] on the [[Mokelumne]]. [[Harper's Weekly]]: How We Got Gold in California. 1860](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Panning on the Mokelumne.jpg?width=200 "Man panning for [[gold]] on the [[Mokelumne]]. [[Harper's Weekly]]: How We Got Gold in California. 1860")
![A [[petrified]] log in [[Petrified Forest National Park]], [[Arizona]], US](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Petrified forest log 1 md.jpg?width=200 "A [[petrified]] log in [[Petrified Forest National Park]], [[Arizona]], US")
![[[Quartz]] from [[Tibet]]. Quartz makes up more than 10% of the Earth's crust by mass.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Quartz, Tibet.jpg?width=200 "[[Quartz]] from [[Tibet]]. Quartz makes up more than 10% of the Earth's crust by mass.")
![Different colors show the different minerals composing the mount Ritagli di Lecca seen from [[Fondachelli-Fantina]], Sicily](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ritagli di Lecca, Fondachelli Fantina.JPG?width=200 "Different colors show the different minerals composing the mount Ritagli di Lecca seen from [[Fondachelli-Fantina]], Sicily")
![rock]]s.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rockcycle edit.jpg?width=200 "rock]]s.")
![The [[Permian]] through [[Jurassic]] stratigraphy of the [[Colorado Plateau]] area of southeastern [[Utah]] is an example of both original horizontality and the law of superposition. These strata make up much of the famous prominent rock formations in widely spaced protected areas such as [[Capitol Reef National Park]] and [[Canyonlands National Park]]. From top to bottom: Rounded tan domes of the [[Navajo Sandstone]], layered red [[Kayenta Formation]], cliff-forming, vertically jointed, red [[Wingate Sandstone]], slope-forming, purplish [[Chinle Formation]], layered, lighter-red [[Moenkopi Formation]], and white, layered [[Cutler Formation]] sandstone. Picture from [[Glen Canyon National Recreation Area]], Utah.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/SEUtahStrat.JPG?width=200 "The [[Permian]] through [[Jurassic]] stratigraphy of the [[Colorado Plateau]] area of southeastern [[Utah]] is an example of both original horizontality and the law of superposition. These strata make up much of the famous prominent rock formations in widely spaced protected areas such as [[Capitol Reef National Park]] and [[Canyonlands National Park]]. From top to bottom: Rounded tan domes of the [[Navajo Sandstone]], layered red [[Kayenta Formation]], cliff-forming, vertically jointed, red [[Wingate Sandstone]], slope-forming, purplish [[Chinle Formation]], layered, lighter-red [[Moenkopi Formation]], and white, layered [[Cutler Formation]] sandstone. Picture from [[Glen Canyon National Recreation Area]], Utah.")
![The [[San Andreas Fault]] in [[California]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/San Andreas.jpg?width=200 "The [[San Andreas Fault]] in [[California]]")
![A typical [[USGS]] field mapping camp in the 1950s](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/USGS 1950s mapping field camp.jpg?width=200 "A typical [[USGS]] field mapping camp in the 1950s")
![intrusive igneous bodies]]. The diagram illustrates both a [[cinder cone]] volcano, which releases ash, and a [[composite volcano]], which releases both lava and ash.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Volcanosed.svg?width=200 "intrusive igneous bodies]]. The diagram illustrates both a [[cinder cone]] volcano, which releases ash, and a [[composite volcano]], which releases both lava and ash.")
![The [[mineral]] [[zircon]] is often used in [[radiometric dating]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zircon-tuc1001b.jpg?width=200 "The [[mineral]] [[zircon]] is often used in [[radiometric dating]].")
![mineralogist]], founder of geology as a scientific field.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Georgius Agricola.jpg?width=200 "mineralogist]], founder of geology as a scientific field.")
![[[Mikhail Lomonosov]], Russian [[polymath]], author of the first systematic treatise in scientific geology ([[1763]])](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/M.V. Lomonosov by L.Miropolskiy after G.C.Prenner (1787, RAN).jpg?width=200 "[[Mikhail Lomonosov]], Russian [[polymath]], author of the first systematic treatise in scientific geology ([[1763]])")
![[[James Hutton]], Scottish [[geologist]] and father of [[modern geology]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hutton James portrait Raeburn.jpg?width=200 "[[James Hutton]], Scottish [[geologist]] and father of [[modern geology]]")
![[[John Tuzo Wilson]], Canadian [[geophysicist]] and father of [[plate tectonics]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/John Tuzo Wilson in 1992.jpg?width=200 "[[John Tuzo Wilson]], Canadian [[geophysicist]] and father of [[plate tectonics]]")
![The [[volcanologist]] [[David A. Johnston]] 13 hours before his death at the[[1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/MSH80 david johnston at camp 05-17-80 med (cropped).jpg?width=200 "The [[volcanologist]] [[David A. Johnston]] 13 hours before his death at the[[1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens]]")
STUDY OF THE COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, AND HISTORY OF EARTH'S COMPONENTS, AND THE PROCESSES BY WHICH THEY ARE SHAPED
Geological; Geologic; Geol; Geol.; Geologically; Geologic Sciences; Geology.; Geological Sciences; Physical geology; Geological features; Geolgy; Geological feature; Geologic feature; Geology of Earth; Applied geology; Geological science
الصفة
جِيُولُوجِيّ
Википедия
جيولوجي
الجيولوجي وهو العالم الذي يدرس المواد الصلبة والسائلة والتي تتواجد على الأرض وألذي يدرس الجيولوجيا وعلم الأرض في الأحافير، وعادةً يكون مختص بالفيزياء والبيولوجيا والكيمياء ويدرس ايضاً الزلازل والنشاطات البركانية والتسونامي والظروف الجوية.James Hutton: The Founder of Modern Geology
