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voluntary contributions - перевод на арабский
![John Morton]] was credited with an argument for Henry VII's first benevolence, known as [[Morton's Fork]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cardinal John Morton.jpg?width=200 "John Morton]] was credited with an argument for Henry VII's first benevolence, known as [[Morton's Fork]].")
![[[Edward IV]] (r. 1461–83) was the first English king to impose benevolences.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/King Edward IV.jpg?width=200 "[[Edward IV]] (r. 1461–83) was the first English king to impose benevolences.")
![James I]] (r. 1603–25) revived the practice of benevolences in 1614.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/King James I of England and VI of Scotland by John De Critz the Elder.jpg?width=200 "James I]] (r. 1603–25) revived the practice of benevolences in 1614.")
![Elizabeth I]] (r. 1558–1603) was more averse to benevolences than her forerunners, demanding only a handful in the 1580s and 1590s.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Queen Elizabeth I by George GowerFXD.jpg?width=200 "Elizabeth I]] (r. 1558–1603) was more averse to benevolences than her forerunners, demanding only a handful in the 1580s and 1590s.")
 volunteer organisation.jpg?width=200)
.jpg?width=200 "Civil lecture at Budapest Brainbar")
voluntary contributions
Определение
Википедия
Voluntary taxation is a theory that states that taxation should be a voluntary act. Under the theory, people should have the option to pay taxes instead of being forced to pay taxes by their government. Under this theory, the people would control how much they pay and where they spend it. The theory is a part of Objectivist politics and many libertarian ideologies. Proponents of some studies assert that individuals will give to government, paying voluntary taxes to support specific functions.
In one study, subjects were each given $20 to be anonymously allocated between themselves and a charitable organization their discretion (repeated for 12 different organizations, $240 total/subject), voluntary donations for each organization averaged 22% to government organizations and 27% to private nonprofits, and were influenced by their cause, level, and perceptions of effectiveness and efficiency (on average, 76% of the endowment was kept by the subjects). State lotteries are an example of a voluntary taxation system.
