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этимология

voluntary efforts - перевод на арабский

THEORY OF TAXATION

Voluntary Taxation; Voluntary tax

voluntary efforts

جهود طوعية

voluntary agency

GROUP OF PEOPLE WITH SHARED INTERESTS OR AIMS

Assn; Voluntary organisation; Voluntary organization; Unincorporated organizations; Association (organization); Unincorporated associations; Voluntary agency; Voluntary associations; Voluntary organisations

وكالة طوعية

جهود طوعية

voluntary efforts

Определение

WRVS

¦ abbreviation (in the UK) Women's Royal Voluntary Service.

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Википедия

Voluntary taxation

Voluntary taxation is a theory that states that taxation should be a voluntary act. Under the theory, people should have the option to pay taxes instead of being forced to pay taxes by their government. Under this theory, the people would control how much they pay and where they spend it. The theory is a part of Objectivist politics and many libertarian ideologies. Proponents of some studies assert that individuals will give to government, paying voluntary taxes to support specific functions.

In one study, subjects were each given $20 to be anonymously allocated between themselves and a charitable organization their discretion (repeated for 12 different organizations, $240 total/subject), voluntary donations for each organization averaged 22% to government organizations and 27% to private nonprofits, and were influenced by their cause, level, and perceptions of effectiveness and efficiency (on average, 76% of the endowment was kept by the subjects). State lotteries are an example of a voluntary taxation system.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluntary taxation

Примеры употребления для voluntary efforts

1. But the EPA has been dissatisfied with the extent and progress of the Pentagon‘s voluntary efforts.

2. Bush‘s emphasis is on using green technologies and other voluntary efforts to tackle global warming.

3. The industry‘s voluntary efforts are "a start, not an end," Grassley said in an interview.

4. From the beginning of the movement, voluntary efforts – in both money and work – were required to survive.

5. "Infosys has come forward and selected 200 SC students through campus selections," he said, calling for affirmative and voluntary efforts from other private firms.