First Reich - перевод на голландский
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First Reich - перевод на голландский

MULTI-ETHNIC COMPLEX OF TERRITORIES IN WESTERN AND CENTRAL EUROPE (800/962–1806)
Czech Republic/Sacrum; The Holy Roman Empire; First Reich; Holy Roman empire; Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation; Roman-German Empire; Holy Roman Empire (of the German nation); Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation; I Reich; Holy Roman Empire of German Nation; Imperials; 1st Reich; Holy Roman Empire of the German nation; Teutonic Empire; Sacrum Romanum Imperium; Holy Roman Realm of the German Nation; HREGN; Heiliges Roemisches Reich Deutscher Nation; Heiliges Romisches Reich Deutscher Nation; Holy roman; Holy roman empire; Holy Reich; Roman Empire of the German Nation; History of the Holy Roman Empire; Late medieval Germany; 12th century in Germany; 13th century in Germany; 14th century in Germany; 15th century in Germany; Holy Roman; Late Medieval Germany; Germany in the 15th century; Imperium Romanum Sacrum; Sacro Romano Impero; Roman Holy Empire; 15th-century Germany; German Late Middle Ages; First German Empire; Imperial court (Holy Roman Empire); First German Reich; Empire of the germans; Empire of the german nation; Holy-Roman Empire; The Holy Empire; Holy Rome; Heiliges Römisches Reich; Holy Empire; Germanic Empire; History of the HRE; Demographics of the Holy Roman Empire; HRE (empire)
  • The Seven [[Prince-elector]]s (''[[Codex Balduini Trevirorum]]'', c. 1340)
  • Charles V)]]
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  • The Holy Roman Empire during the 16th century
  • Dominions of Friedrick II around 1200 (Kingdom of Sicily, Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Jerusalem, Teutonic Order)
  • Front page of the [[Peace of Augsburg]], which laid the legal groundwork for two co-existing religious confessions ([[Roman Catholicism]] and [[Lutheranism]]) in the German-speaking states of the Holy Roman Empire
  • Frankish Empire]]) within Europe circa 814 AD.
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  • The Empire after the [[Peace of Westphalia]], 1648
  • The Empire on the eve of the [[French Revolution]], 1789
  • The empire of Charles V at its peak after the Peace of Crépy in 1544.
  • The Holy Roman Empire during the [[Ottonian Dynasty]]
  • Religion in the Holy Roman Empire on the eve of the [[Thirty Years' War]]
  • The Holy Roman Empire between 972 and 1032
  • Henry begging Matilda of Tuscany and Hugh of Cluny in Canossa Castle (miniature in an [[illuminated manuscript]] kept in the [[Vatican Library]], 1115)
  • p=211}} Painting of Albrecht Dürer (1496)
  • #fefee9}}(1618).
  • Holy Roman Empire (''Német-római Császárság''), including Italy and Bohemia (''Csehország''), and Hungary (''Magyarország'') under Sigismund.
  • A map of the Empire showing division into Circles in 1512
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  • The Hohenstaufen-ruled Holy Roman Empire and [[Kingdom of Sicily]]. Imperial and directly held Hohenstaufen lands in the Empire are shown in bright yellow.
  • The double-headed eagle with coats of arms of individual states, the symbol of the Holy Roman Empire (painting from 1510)
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  • Schedelsche Weltchronik]] depicting the structure of the Reich: The Holy Roman Emperor is sitting; on his right are three ecclesiastics; on his left are four secular electors.
  • Vienna, circa 1580 by [[Georg Braun]] and [[Frans Hogenberg]]
  • Reichssturmfahne]]'', a military [[banner]] during the 13th and early 14th centuries
  • crown of the Holy Roman Empire]] (2nd half of the 10th century), now held in the [[Schatzkammer (Vienna)]]

First Reich         
het Eerste Rijk (naam van duitse keizerrijk in de jaren 1800 - 1806)
Third Reich         
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  • Statues representing the ideal body were erected in the streets of Berlin for the [[1936 Summer Olympics]].
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  • [[Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses]], April 1933. The posters say "Germans! Defend yourselves! Don't buy from Jews!"
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  • Volksgerichtshof]]'' in 1944
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  • Territorial expansion of Germany Reich from 1933 to 1941 as explained to Wehrmacht soldiers, a Nazi era map in German
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  • [[Adolf Hitler]] became Germany's head of state, with the title of ''[[Führer und Reichskanzler]]'', in 1934.
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  • alt=A propaganda poster of a large cathedral with sunlight shining on it. Several buildings can be seen around the cathedral while a left-facing eagle clutching a swastika is seen in the upper right corner of the poster. The words "DANZIG IST DEUTSCH" can be seen in the bottom left of the poster.
  • Office of Racial Policy]]: "60 000 RM is what this person with hereditary illness costs the community in his lifetime. Fellow citizen, that is your money too."
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  • Public execution of 54 Poles in [[Rożki, Masovian Voivodeship]] (near [[Radom]]), German-occupied Poland, 1942
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  • alt=A colour-coded map of Germany in the early 1930s showing the individual German states and independent cities. The largest states of Prussia and Bavaria are coloured in light grey and light blue respectively.
GERMANY FROM 1933 TO 1945 WHILE UNDER CONTROL OF THE NAZI PARTY
Nazi Germany/Organisations; Nazi Germany/Related Terms; Nazi Reich; Third Reich; Third reich; Nazy Germany; Nazi germany; Nazi-Germany; Nazi German; The Third Reich; 1939-1945 Germany; Nazi era; NaziGermany; Thousand Year Reich; 3rd Reich; Military history of Germany during World War II; Nacional Socialist Germany; National Socialist Germany; Thousand-Year Reich; Nazi regime; Nazi Third Reich; Third Reach; Nazi-regime; III Reich; National Socialist (Nazi) Germany; National Socialist German; Great German Reich; German Nazi; German Third Reich; Tausendjähriges Reich; Great German Realm; Great German Empire; Deutsches Reich 1933 till 1945; History of Germany in World War II; German Reich (1933 - 1945); History of germany during world war ii; Germany in WWII; Germany in World War II; Tausendjaehriges Reich; Tausendjahriges Reich; Drittes Reich; Germany during WWII; Germany during World War II; Germany During World War 2; Hitler's Germany; Hitler-era; Nazi Germany's; History of Nazi Germany; Nazi Regime; Nazi deutschland; Nazi-deutschland; Nazideutschland; Nazi dictatorship; German Reich (1933–1945); Fascist Germany; Fascist Reich; III. Reich; NS Germany; Environmentalism in Nazi Germany; Third German Empire; Germany under Hitler; History of Germany during World War II; Third German Reich; Nazi German government; Germany in the time of National Socialism; World War II Germany; Germany under the Nazis; Dritte Reich; Hitler's Empire; Hitler Empire; Collapse of the Third Reich; Nazi era in Germany; German Reich (1933-1945); Nazi Germany/People; Hitler Germany; NS state; Zeit des Nationalsozialismus; NS-Zeit; Germany under National Socialism; Nazi régime; Liquidation of Nazi Germany; Liberation of Nazi Germany; Nazi rule in Germany; National Socialist era in Germany; NS-Staat; Nationalsozialistischer Staat; Nazi state; Hitlerite Germany; Nazizeit
de Derde Reich (naam v. Nazi-Duitsland tussen 1933 en 1945)
first lady         
  • A group of first ladies assemble in the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] in [[New York City]], September 22, 2008
  • First ladies in [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsylvania]], September 25, 2009
  • Royal Castle of Laeken]] on May 25, 2017.
HONORARY TITLE OF THE WIFE OF A PRESIDENT OR HEAD OF STATE
First Gentleman; First ladies; First gentleman; First Husband; First Ladies; 1st lady; First Lady; First Spouse; First spouse; First Gentlemen; Presidentress; Presidential consort; First-Lady; First Wife
eerste dame

Определение

Holy Roman Empire
¦ noun the western part of the Roman empire, as revived by Charlemagne in 800.

Википедия

Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a political entity in Western, Central, and Southern Europe that developed in the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars.

From the accession of Otto I in 962 until the twelfth century, the Empire was the most powerful monarchy in Europe. The functioning of government depended on the harmonious cooperation between monarch and vassals, but this harmony was disturbed during the Salian period. The empire reached the apex of territorial expansion and power under the House of Hohenstaufen in the mid-thirteenth century, but overextending led to partial collapse.

On 25 December 800, Pope Leo III crowned the Frankish king Charlemagne as Roman emperor, reviving the title in Western Europe, more than three centuries after the fall of the earlier ancient Western Roman Empire in 476. In theory and diplomacy, the emperors were considered primus inter pares, regarded as first among equals among other Catholic monarchs across Europe. The title continued in the Carolingian family until 888 and from 896 to 899, after which it was contested by the rulers of Italy in a series of civil wars until the death of the last Italian claimant, Berengar I, in 924. The title was revived again in 962 when Otto I, King of Germany, was crowned emperor by Pope John XII, fashioning himself as the successor of Charlemagne and beginning a continuous existence of the empire for over eight centuries. Some historians refer to the coronation of Charlemagne as the origin of the empire, while others prefer the coronation of Otto I as its beginning. Henry the Fowler, the founder of the medieval German state (ruled 919–936), has sometimes been considered the founder of the Empire as well. The modern view favours Otto as the true founder. Scholars generally concur in relating an evolution of the institutions and principles constituting the empire, describing a gradual assumption of the imperial title and role.

The exact term "Holy Roman Empire" was not used until the 13th century, but the Emperor's legitimacy always rested on the concept of translatio imperii, that he held supreme power inherited from the ancient emperors of Rome. The imperial office was traditionally elective through the mostly German prince-electors.

During the final phase of the reign of Emperor Frederick III (ruled 1452–1493), Imperial Reform began. The reform would largely be materialized during Maximilian I's rule (from 1486 as King of the Romans, from 1493 as sole ruler, and from 1508 as Holy Roman Emperor, until his death in 1519). The Empire transformed into the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation. It was during this time that the Empire gained most of its institutions, which endured until its final demise in the nineteenth century.

According to Thomas Brady Jr., the Empire, after the Imperial Reform, was a political body of remarkable longevity and stability, and "resembled in some respects the monarchical polities of Europe's western tier, and in others the loosely integrated, elective polities of East Central Europe." The new corporate German Nation, instead of simply obeying the emperor, negotiated with him. On 6 August 1806, Emperor Francis II dissolved the empire following the creation of the Confederation of the Rhine by Emperor of the French Napoleon I the month before.