The Urdu alphabet (Urdu: اردو حروفِ تہجی, romanized: urdū harūf-e-tahajjī), is the right-to-left alphabet used for the Urdu language. It is a modification of the Persian script, which is itself a derivative of the Arabic script. It is the most widely used script in Pakistan being the official script for the national language, Urdu and several regional languages. It also has status as one of the official scripts of the Indian Republic, used as a minority script in the country. The Urdu alphabet has up to 39 or 40 distinct letters with no distinct letter cases and is typically written in the calligraphic Nastaʿlīq script, whereas Arabic is more commonly written in the Naskh style.

Usually, bare transliterations of Urdu into the Latin alphabet (called Roman Urdu) omit many phonemic elements that have no equivalent in English or other languages commonly written in the Latin script.