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selective information - перевод на русский
![military segregated]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/King, Stoddard WW1 draft card.jpg?width=200 "military segregated]].")
.svg?width=200 "The former seal of the Selective Service System")
![Selective service information available in a local post office in [[Boston, Massachusetts]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Selective service information.jpg?width=200 "Selective service information available in a local post office in [[Boston, Massachusetts]]")
.jpg?width=200 "100px")
[silektiv'sə:vis]
американизм
воинская повинность (для определённых контингентов призывников)
американизм
система воинской повинности для отдельных граждан
медицина
селективная амнезия
общая лексика
ион-селективный электрод
![[[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]], a German [[polymath]] who wrote primarily in Latin and French. His fields of study were [[Metaphysics]], [[Mathematics]], [[Theodicy]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Bernhard Christoph Francke.jpg?width=200 "[[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]], a German [[polymath]] who wrote primarily in Latin and French. His fields of study were [[Metaphysics]], [[Mathematics]], [[Theodicy]].")
![[[Joseph Marie Jacquard]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Joseph Marie Jacquard.jpg?width=200 "[[Joseph Marie Jacquard]]")
![[[Vannevar Bush]], a famous information scientist, ca. 1940–1944](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vannevar Bush portrait.jpg?width=200 "[[Vannevar Bush]], a famous information scientist, ca. 1940–1944")
[infə'meiʃ(ə)n'saiəns]
синоним
![A picture showing scratches on the readable surface of a CD-R. Music and data CDs are coded using error correcting codes and thus can still be read even if they have minor scratches using [[error detection and correction]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/CDSCRATCHES.jpg?width=200 "A picture showing scratches on the readable surface of a CD-R. Music and data CDs are coded using error correcting codes and thus can still be read even if they have minor scratches using [[error detection and correction]].")
Википедия
Selective exposure is a theory within the practice of psychology, often used in media and communication research, that historically refers to individuals' tendency to favor information which reinforces their pre-existing views while avoiding contradictory information. Selective exposure has also been known and defined as "congeniality bias" or "confirmation bias" in various texts throughout the years.
According to the historical use of the term, people tend to select specific aspects of exposed information which they incorporate into their mindset. These selections are made based on their perspectives, beliefs, attitudes, and decisions. People can mentally dissect the information they are exposed to and select favorable evidence, while ignoring the unfavorable. The foundation of this theory is rooted in the cognitive dissonance theory (Festinger 1957), which asserts that when individuals are confronted with contrasting ideas, certain mental defense mechanisms are activated to produce harmony between new ideas and pre-existing beliefs, which results in cognitive equilibrium. Cognitive equilibrium, which is defined as a state of balance between a person's mental representation of the world and his or her environment, is crucial to understanding selective exposure theory. According to Jean Piaget, when a mismatch occurs, people find it to be "inherently dissatisfying".
Selective exposure relies on the assumption that one will continue to seek out information on an issue even after an individual has taken a stance on it. The position that a person has taken will be colored by various factors of that issue that are reinforced during the decision-making process. According to Stroud (2008), theoretically, selective exposure occurs when people's beliefs guide their media selections.
Selective exposure has been displayed in various contexts such as self-serving situations and situations in which people hold prejudices regarding outgroups, particular opinions, and personal and group-related issues. Perceived usefulness of information, perceived norm of fairness, and curiosity of valuable information are three factors that can counteract selective exposure.
